Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis post chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies.

Introduction: Besides cytokine release syndromes (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), immune effector cell-associated HLH-like syndrome (IEC-HS) is increasingly recognized across CAR-T recipients. This emergent and fatal syndrome is difficult to separate from other disorders during the early phase, and urgently requires more integrated diagnostic and therapeutic frameworks.

Areas Covered: Existing literature has pointed out the potential role of unbridled proliferation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, lymphopenia of natural killing cells, and hypercytokinemia in triggering the IEC-HS.

Probe fusion all-optic OCT-PAM dual-mode imaging system for biomedical imaging.

We proposed a non-contact photoacoustic (PA) detection method using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT). Two interference spectrums (A-lines) were acquired before and after the PA excitation with SDOCT. PA signal propagated within the sample causing the vibration.

Indocyanine green-mediated fabrication of urchin-like hydroxyethyl starch nanocarriers for enhanced drug tumor EPR and deep penetration effects.

Effective EPR and tumor penetration are bottlenecks in current nanomedicine therapy. Comosol software was utilized to analyze the motion process of nanoparticles (NPs) with different shapes, from blood vessels to tumor tissue, to address this. By calculation, urchin-like NPs experienced higher drag forces than spherical NPs, facilitating their EPR and tumor penetration effects.

Prediction of LncRNA-protein Interactions Using Auto-Encoder, SE-ResNet Models and Transfer Learning.

Background: Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays a crucial role in various biological processes, and mutations or imbalances of lncRNAs can lead to several diseases, including cancer, Prader-Willi syndrome, autism, Alzheimer's disease, cartilage-hair hypoplasia, and hearing loss. Understanding lncRNA-protein interactions (LPIs) is vital for elucidating basic cellular processes, human diseases, viral replication, transcription, and plant pathogen resistance. Despite the development of several LPI calculation methods, predicting LPI remains challenging, with the selection of variables and deep learning structure being the focus of LPI research.

Targeting autophagy overcomes cancer-intrinsic resistance to CAR-T immunotherapy in B-cell malignancies.

Background: Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) therapy has substantially revolutionized the clinical outcomes of patients with hematologic malignancies, but the cancer-intrinsic mechanisms underlying resistance to CAR-T cells remain yet to be fully understood. This study aims to explore the molecular determinants of cancer cell sensitivity to CAR-T cell-mediated killing and to provide a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and potential modulation to improve clinical efficacy.

Methods: The human whole-genome CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout screening was conducted to identify key genes that enable cancer cells to evade CD19 CAR-T-cell-mediated killing.

Elevating the potential of CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumors: exploiting biomaterials-based delivery techniques.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells exhibit promising progress in addressing hematologic malignancies. However, CAR-T therapy for solid tumors remains limited, with no FDA-approved CAR-T products available for clinical use at present. Primary reasons include insufficient infiltration, accumulation, tumor immunosuppression of the microenvironment, and related side effects.

The Stress Phase Angle Measurement Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography.

The stress phase angle (SPA), defined as the temporal phase angle between circumferential stress (CS) in the arterial wall and wall shear stress (WSS), is utilized to investigate the interactions between CS and WSS. SPA serves as an important parameter for the early diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. In this study, we proposed a novel method for measuring SPA using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Allogenic and autologous anti-CD7 CAR-T cell therapies in relapsed or refractory T-cell malignancies.

Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) therapy remains to be investigated in T-cell malignancies. CD7 is an ideal target for T-cell malignancies but is also expressed on normal T cells, which may cause CAR-T cell fratricide. Donor-derived anti-CD7 CAR-T cells using endoplasmic reticulum retention have shown efficacy in patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Novel CD19-specific γ/δ TCR-T cells in relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Background: T cell receptor (TCR)-T cells possess similar effector function, but milder and more durable signal activation compared with chimeric antigen receptor-T cells. TCR-T cell therapy is another active field of cellular immunotherapy for cancer.

Methods: We previously developed a human anti-CD19 antibody (ET190L1) and generated novel CD19-specific γ/δ TCR-T cells, ET019003, by fusing the Fab fragment of ET190L1 with γ/δ TCR constant chain plus adding an ET190L1-scFv/CD28 co-stimulatory molecule.

OCT based four-dimensional cardiac imaging of a living chick embryo using an impedance signal as a gating for post-acquisition synchronization.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging modality with high spatial resolution suitable for early embryonic heart imaging. However, the most commonly used OCT systems cannot provide direct 4-D imaging due to acquisition speed limitations. We proposed a retrospective gating 4-D reconstruction method based on spectral domain OCT.

Current Status and Influencing Factors of Eating Behavior in Residents at the Age of 18~60: A Cross-Sectional Study in China.

As eating behavior is important to health, this cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the factors influencing the eating behavior related to overweight and obesity of Chinese residents aged 18~60 based on the Ecological Model of Health Behavior. The short-form of the Eating Behavior Scale (EBS-SF) was applied to evaluate eating behavior. The multivariable linear stepwise regression analysis was used to identify and analyze the influence factors, and the receiver operating characteristic curves analysis to validate the predictive capability of the EBS-SF score in differentiating overweight and obesity.

A bispecific CAR-T cell therapy targeting BCMA and CD38 in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.

Background: BCMA-specific chimeric antigen receptor-T cells (CAR-Ts) have exhibited remarkable efficacy in refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma (RRMM); however, primary resistance and relapse exist with single-target immunotherapy. Bispecific CARs are proposed to mitigate these limitations.

Methods: We constructed a humanized bispecific BM38 CAR targeting BCMA and CD38 and tested the antimyeloma activity of BM38 CAR-Ts in vitro and in vivo.

-Generated CAR19-T Cells Plus Lenalidomide Cause Durable Complete Remission of Triple-Hit Refractory/Relapsed DLBCL: A Case Report.

MYC/BCL2/BCL6 triple-hit lymphoma (THL) is an uncommon subset of high-grade B-cell lymphoma with aggressive clinical behavior and poor prognosis. TP53 mutation is an independently poor progonistic indicator in patients with THL, hence novel therapeutic strategies are needed for these patients. CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor(CAR19)-T cell therapy has shown promising efficacy for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma (RR DLBCL), but the majority of CAR19-T cell products to date have been manufactured using viral vectors.

An Smp43-Derived Short-Chain α-Helical Peptide Displays a Unique Sequence and Possesses Antimicrobial Activity against Both Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria.

Scorpion venoms are rich resources of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). While the short-chain noncysteine-containing AMPs have attracted much attention as templates for drug development, the antimicrobial potential of long-chain noncysteine-containing AMPs has been largely overlooked. Here, by using the online HeliQuest server, we designed and analyzed a series of 14-residue fragments of Smp43, a 43-residue long-chain noncysteine-containing AMP identified from the venom of .

Effects of air discharge on surface charges and cell walls of Fusarium oxysporum.

Air discharge showed significant inhibition on mycelial growth and spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum, one of the main spoilage fungi in post-harvest lotus roots which is an important economic aquatic vegetable in China. However, the antimicrobial mechanism of air discharge is not clear yet. In the present study, the effects of air discharge on F.

Two new cationic α-helical peptides identified from the venom gland of Liocheles australasiae possess antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococci.

Methicillin-resistant staphylococci have become growing threats to human health, and novel antimicrobials are urgently needed. Natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising alternatives to traditional antibiotics. Here, two novel cationic α-helical antimicrobial peptides, Lausporin-1 and Lausporin-2, were identified from the venom gland of the scorpion L.

Diagnostic values of shear wave elastography and strain elastography for breast lesions.

Background: Strain elastography (SE) and shear wave elastography (SWE) have high diagnostic yield for breast lesions, but the optimal parameters remain elusive.

Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic yield of SWE and SE for breast lesions by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Material And Methods: A total of 132 patients with 164 breast tumors were enrolled.

Consolidative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: who? When? Why?

Although anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy shows good efficacy in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (r/r B-ALL), it fails to improve long-term leukemia-free survival (LFS). Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) after CAR T-cell therapy has emerged as a promising strategy to prolong LFS. Nevertheless, which patients are likely to benefit from consolidative allo-HSCT, as well as the optimal therapeutic window, remain to be explored.

Effects of treprostinil on pulmonary arterial hypertension during surgery for congenital heart disease complicated with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of treprostinil injection on the control of pulmonary blood pressure in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) complicated by severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).

Methods: Eighty children with CHD complicated by severe pulmonary arterial hypertension admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to June 2018 were selected and randomly divided into a control group (N.=40) and a treatment group (N.

Comparative efficacy and tolerability of front-line treatments for newly diagnosed chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia: an update network meta-analysis.

Background: Recent years have witnessed the rapid evolution of therapies in chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML). To assess the efficacy and tolerability of all reported front-line treatments for patients with newly diagnosed CML, a multiple-treatments meta-analysis was performed, which accounted for both direct and indirect comparisons among those treatments.

Methods: Primary outcomes were the percentage of patients achieving major molecular response (MMR) and complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) within 12 months.

Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell therapy bridging to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: An open-label pragmatic clinical trial.

Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell (CAR-T) therapy is effective and safe for patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (r/r B-ALL), but its value has been limited in terms of long-term leukemia-free survival. New strategies that can help CAR-T therapy achieve lasting effect are urgently warranted. This non-randomized interventional pragmatic clinical trial had a particular aim.

Improving the safety of CAR-T cell therapy by controlling CRS-related coagulopathy.

The CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy has been widely proved effective on relapsed and refractory (r/r) B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Meanwhile, CAR-T therapy-related toxicities, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurological toxicities, are drawing researchers' attention. In addition, our research team notices that coagulopathy and even disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) are common problems during CAR-T therapy.