Polarization-independent microchannel in a high-speed-scan femtosecond laser-assisted etching of fused silica.

Microchannels fabricated by femtosecond laser-assisted chemical etching are of great use in biochemical analysis. In this paper, we study the morphology change of etched microchannels in fused silica by controlling the laser scan speed, and we find a significant difference between the chemical etched length and volume. The fabricated microchannels would gradually become tapered along the scan direction, which influences the flow of the hydrofluoric (HF) reagent and the etching rate.

Research Note: Expression of T cell-related cytokines in chicken cecal and spleen tissues following Eimeria tenella infection in vivo.

The T cell-mediated immune response plays an important role in coccidiosis. To reveal the host T cell immune response following Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) infection in chickens, we performed quantitative real-time PCR to analyze the dynamic expression of the Th1-related cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-12; the Th17-related cytokines IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22; and the Treg-related cytokines IL-10, TGF-β, and CTLA-4 in the cecum and spleen at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 d postinfection (dpi).

Comprehensive Analyses of circRNA Expression Profiles and Function Prediction in Chicken Cecums After Infection.

Coccidiosis is an important intestinal parasitic disease that causes great economic losses to the global poultry production industry. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are long non-coding RNAs that play important roles in various infectious diseases and inflammatory responses. However, the expression profiles and functions of circRNAs during () infection remain unclear.

Transcriptome Analysis of Long Noncoding RNAs and mRNAs in Granulosa Cells of Jinghai Yellow Chickens Illuminated With Red Light.

Jinghai Yellow chickens are a new indigenous breed with a dual purpose in China, but their egg laying performance is limited. Compared with white light (WL), exposure to red light (RL) can improve the egg laying performance of hens. Herein, to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which RL affects the egg laying performance, RNA sequencing was used to analyze long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs from granulosa cells of small yellow follicles from Jinghai Yellow chickens in RL and WL groups.

MicroRNA-7 Targets the KLF4 Gene to Regulate the Proliferation and Differentiation of Chicken Primary Myoblasts.

The proliferation and differentiation of chicken primary myoblasts (CPMs) play an important role in the development of skeletal muscle. In our previous research, RNA-seq analysis showed that microRNA-7 (miR-7) was relatively highly expressed in the proliferation phase of CPMs, but its expression level decreased significantly after CPM-induced differentiation. Meanwhile, the mechanism by which the miR-7 regulates the proliferation and differentiation of CPMs is still unknown.

Research Note: Correlation analysis of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 gene expression in chicken spleen and cecal tissues after Eimeria tenella infection in vivo.

IL-6, IL-8, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCLi2) are important factors in inflammatory and immune responses. To investigate their relationships in the spleen and cecum and between coccidiosis-infected and uninfected states, we performed quantitative real-time PCR to compare the relative expression difference of IL-6, IL-8, and CCLi2 in the same tissues between the infection and control groups. In addition, the correlations of the relative expression levels of these 3 genes were determined in the same and different tissues within the same group.

Establishing a Model for Evaluating Chicken Coccidiosis Resistance Based on Principal Component Analysis.

To establish a coccidiosis resistance evaluation model for chicken selection, the different parameters were compared between infected and control Jinghai yellow chickens. Validation parameters were selected for principal component analysis (PCA), and an optimal comprehensive evaluation model was selected based on the significance of a correlation coefficient between coccidiosis resistance parameters and principal component functions. The following six different parameters were identified: body weight gain 3-5 days post infection and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA) and γ-interferon (IFN-γ) concentrations on the eight day post inoculation.

Transcriptome Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes Related to the Growth and Development of the Jinghai Yellow Chicken.

The growth traits are important traits in chickens. Compared to white feather broiler breeds, Chinese local broiler breeds have a slow growth rate. The main genes affecting the growth traits of local chickens in China are still unclear and need to be further explored.

RNA Sequencing Analysis of Chicken Cecum Tissues Following Infection in Vivo.

() is one of the most frequent and pathogenic species of protozoan parasites of the genus that exclusively occupies the cecum, exerting a high economic impact on the poultry industry. To investigate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the cecal tissue of Jinghai yellow chickens infected with , the molecular response process, and the immune response mechanism during coccidial infection, RNA-seq was used to analyze the cecal tissues of an infection group (JS) and an uninfected group (JC) on the seventh day post-infection. The DEGs were screened by functional and pathway enrichment analyses.

Quantitative analysis of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, florfenicol and florfenicol amine in eggs via liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

A widely applicable method involving liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, florfenicol, and florfenicol amine in eggs. Samples were extracted with ethyl acetate-acetonitrile-ammonium hydroxide (49:49:2, v/v) and defatted with hexane saturated with acetonitrile. The analysis was carried out on a mass spectrometer via an electrospray interface operated in the positive and negative ionization modes using deuterated chloramphenicol-d5 as the internal standard.

Quantification of piperazine in chicken and pig tissues by gas chromatography-electron ionization tandem mass spectrometry employing pre-column derivatization with acetic anhydride.

This paper describes a novel method that combines acetic anhydride derivatization with gas chromatography-electron ionization tandem mass spectrometry (GC-EI/MS/MS) for the sensitive and selective determination of piperazine in chicken and pig tissues. Samples were extracted using an accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) apparatus, purified by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and derivatized with acetic anhydride. This optimized method was validated according to the requirements defined by the European Union and the Food and Drug Administration.