The complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis for (squamata: colubridae).

is currently found so far in Sichuan Province, China, where it predominantly feeds on earthworms and firefly larvae. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the mitochondrial genome of , which measured 17,646 bp in length and encompassed 37 genes along with two control regions. The base composition revealed percentages of 33.

Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Innervation Induces Depression-Like Behaviors Through Ventral Subiculum Hyperactivation.

Malfunction of the ventral subiculum (vSub), the main subregion controlling the output connections from the hippocampus, is associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). Although the vSub receives cholinergic innervation from the medial septum and diagonal band of Broca (MSDB), whether and how the MSDB-to-vSub cholinergic circuit is involved in MDD is elusive. Here, we found that chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) induced depression-like behaviors with hyperactivation of vSub neurons, measured by c-fos staining and whole-cell patch-clamp recording.

The influence of workplace incivility on the fatigue of female nurses: The mediating effect of engagement.

Aims: To identify the associations of workplace incivility, engagement and fatigue among Chinese female nurses, and further explore whether engagement can play a mediating role.

Background: Nurses are at a high risk of fatigue. However, no research has been done to examine the associations among nurses' workplace incivility, engagement and fatigue.

Antitumor and toxicity study of mitochondria-targeted triptolide derivatives using triphenylphosphine (TPP) as a carrier.

Based on the higher mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ) of tumor cells than normal cells, a mitochondria-targeting strategy using delocalized lipophilic cations as carriers is a promising way to improve the antitumor effect of small molecules and to reduce toxicity. Triptolide (TP) has a strong antitumor effect but is limited in the clinic due to high systemic toxicity. Mitochondria-targeted TP derivatives were designed and synthesized using triphenylphosphine cations as carriers.

Genus Sapium (Euphorbiaceae): A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Genus Sapium, belonging to Euphorbiaceae family, has a wide distribution in Asia and in temperate and tropical regions of Africa and America. The various parts of Sapium species have been used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of edema, skin-related diseases, bacterial infections, cancers, diabetes, and other ailments.

Aim Of The Study: A comprehensive and updated review on the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and traditional medicinal uses of Sapium has been summarized and discussed to facilitate further exploitation of the therapeutic values of Sapium species.

Anticancer Effects of Honokiol via Mitochondrial Dysfunction Are Strongly Enhanced by the Mitochondria-Targeting Carrier Berberine.

Mitochondrion is a favorable therapeutic target in cancer, given its regulation of bioenergetics and cell death. Honokiol exhibits antiproliferative effects through mitochondria-mediated death signaling. To enhance its anticancer potential and selectivity, we conjugated honokiol to berberine, a mitochondria-targeting carrier.

Memory Susceptibility to Retroactive Interference Is Developmentally Regulated by NMDA Receptors.

Retroactive interference (RI) occurs when new incoming information impairs an existing memory, which is one of the primary sources of forgetting. Although long-term potentiation (LTP) reversal shows promise as the underlying neural correlate, the key molecules that control the sensitivity of memory circuits to RI are unknown, and the developmental trajectory of RI effects is unclear. Here we found that depotentiation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) depends on GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors (NMDARs).

Dopaminergic inputs in the dentate gyrus direct the choice of memory encoding.

Rewarding experiences are often well remembered, and such memory formation is known to be dependent on dopamine modulation of the neural substrates engaged in learning and memory; however, it is unknown how and where in the brain dopamine signals bias episodic memory toward preceding rather than subsequent events. Here we found that photostimulation of channelrhodopsin-2-expressing dopaminergic fibers in the dentate gyrus induced a long-term depression of cortical inputs, diminished theta oscillations, and impaired subsequent contextual learning. Computational modeling based on this dopamine modulation indicated an asymmetric association of events occurring before and after reward in memory tasks.