The efficacy and safety of pegylated interferon α-2b-based immunotherapy for inactive hepatitis B surface antigen carriers.

Objectives: Pegylated interferon α-2b (PegIFNα-2b) therapy can help inactive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers (IHCs) achieve clinical cure. To explore and compare the efficacy, safety, and relevant influential factors of PegIFNα-2b monotherapy and PegIFNα-2b-based immunotherapy for IHCs.

Methods: This exploratory, prospective, single-center, randomized controlled trial enrolled 40 IHCs who were randomized into group A (PegIFNα-2b treatment for 68 weeks) and group B (two cycles of PegIFNα-2b treatment with a lead-in period of GM-CSF and vaccine treatment before each cycle).

Adverse Effect of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease on the Therapeutic Response in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B.

Background And Aims: The impact of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on the treatment outcome of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is undefined and deserves an in-depth investigation.

Methods: Histologically-proven CHB receiving first-line antiviral regimens as initial therapy was enrolled and grouped by the concurrence of NAFLD, and followed up at six monthly intervals. Therapeutic response related data were recorded and compared at multiple time points.

Spatial Accessibility Assessment of Prehospital EMS with a Focus on the Elderly Population: A Case Study in Ningbo, China.

The spatial accessibility of prehospital EMS is particularly important for the elderly population's physiological functions. Due to the recent expansion of aging populations all over the globe, elderly people's spatial accessibility to prehospital EMS presents a serious challenge. An efficient strategy to address this issue involves using geographic information systems (GIS)-based tools to evaluate the spatial accessibility in conjunction with the spatial distribution of aging people, available road networks, and prehospital EMS facilities.

Prevalence of 16S rRNA Methylation Enzyme Gene in From Outpatients and Food.

is the primary cause of community-acquired foodborne infections, so its resistance to antimicrobials, such as aminoglycosides, is a public health issue. Of concern, aminoglycoside resistance in is increasing rapidly. Here, we performed a retrospective study evaluating the prevalence of harboring -mediated aminoglycoside resistance in community-acquired infections and in food or environmental sources.

Epidemiologic and genomic insights on mcr-1-harbouring Salmonella from diarrhoeal outpatients in Shanghai, China, 2006-2016.

Background: Colistin resistance mediated by mcr-1-harbouring plasmids is an emerging threat in Enterobacteriaceae, like Salmonella. Based on its major contribution to the diarrhoea burden, the epidemic state and threat of mcr-1-harbouring Salmonella in community-acquired infections should be estimated.

Methods: This retrospective study analysed the mcr-1 gene incidence in Salmonella strains collected from a surveillance on diarrhoeal outpatients in Shanghai Municipality, China, 2006-2016.

Turtles as a Possible Reservoir of Nontyphoidal Salmonella in Shanghai, China.

Terrapins and turtles are known to transmit Salmonella to humans. However, little was known about the occurrence of this pathogen in soft-shelled terrapin that is a popular delicacy in Chinese and other East Asian cuisines. We isolated and characterized 82 (24.

The clinical diagnosis and management options for intracranial juvenile xanthogranuloma in children: based on four cases and another 39 patients in the literature.

Background: Juvenile xanthogranulomas (JXGs) are uncommon non-Langerhans cell histiocytic proliferations which occur most often in children. Rare cases of intracranial JXGs in children have been reported. The precise treatment strategy for intracranial JXG with high fatality is still unclear.

[Surveillance for diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in Shanghai, 2012-2013].

Objective: To understand the distribution of diarrheagenic Escherichia (E.) coli in population in Shanghai and discuss the practice model of cooperation in enteric infectious disease prevention and control between public health institution and hospital.

Methods: Sentinel hospitals were assigned, standard detection and identification of diarrheagenic E.

Antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence gene profiles and molecular subtypes of Salmonella Newport isolated from humans and other sources.

Salmonella Newport (S. Newport) is a major serotype associated with human salmonellosis. A total of 79 S.

Whole-Genome Sequences of 12 Clinical Strains of Listeria monocytogenes.

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen of global concern due to the high mortality rate among immunocompromised patients. Whole-genome sequences of 12 strains of L. monocytogenes from humans were reported.

Molecular analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli from diarrheal patients.

A total of 123 enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) isolates from diarrheal patients from June to December 2012 in Shanghai, China, were examined to determine their genetic relatedness using multilocus sequence typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and for the presence of virulence genes and antimicrobial susceptibility. Twenty-nine sequence types (STs) and 63 PFGE patterns were identified, and results from the 2 subtyping methods correlated well. The 12 isolates of PFGE cluster B all belonged to ST-2332 and were associated with nosocomial neonatal diarrhea.

Antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular typing of salmonella agona isolated from humans and other sources.

Salmonella enterica serotype Agona (Salmonella Agona) has been among the top 10 serotypes that cause human diarrheal diseases in China. A total of 95 Salmonella Agona (67 from humans, and 28 from animals, food of animal origins, and environmental sources) recovered in Shanghai, China from 2005 to 2011 were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular subtyping using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Approximately 68.

[Study on the molecular epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar Pomona].

Objective: To study the epidemiological characteristics and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar Pomona (S. Pomona).

Methods: Antimicrobial susceptible testing (AST) and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) methods were used to analyze on S.

[Preliminary application of Back-Propagation artificial neural network model on the prediction of infectious diarrhea incidence in Shanghai].

Objective: To establish BP artificial neural network predicting model regarding the daily cases of infectious diarrhea in Shanghai.

Methods: Data regarding both the incidence of infectious diarrhea from 2005 to 2008 in Shanghai and meteorological factors including temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, atmospheric pressure, duration of sunshine and wind speed within the same periods were collected and analyzed with the MatLab R2012b software. Meteorological factors that were correlated with infectious diarrhea were screened by Spearman correlation analysis.

[The fundamental role of stage control technology on the detectability for Salmonella networking laboratory].

Objective: To evaluated the fundamental role of stage control technology (SCT) on the detectability for Salmonella networking laboratories.

Methods: Appropriate Salmonella detection methods after key point control being evaluated, were establishment and optimized. Our training and evaluation networking laboratories participated in the World Health Organization-Global Salmonella Surveillance Project (WHO-GSS) and China-U.

Antimicrobial resistance of Shigella spp. from humans in Shanghai, China, 2004-2011.

A retrospective study conducted on patients with diarrhea in Shanghai, China from 2004-2011, indicated that of 77,600 samples collected, 1,635 (2.1%) tested positive for Shigella. Species isolated included S.

[Assessment and application of a molecular diagnostic method on the detection of four types of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli].

Objective: To establish and evaluate a molecular diagnostic method for routine monitoring of four types of diarrheagenic Escherichia (E.) coli (DEC)and to study the distribution of four types of DEC isolated from diarrheal patients in Shanghai.

Methods: DEC-PCR standard operation procedure(SOP)had been developed for DEC detection and isolation, using the Statens Serum Institute (SSI) DEC PCR kits with multiplex PCR technique after verification tests on reference strains.

Multidrug-resistant atypical variants of Shigella flexneri in China.

We identified 3 atypical Shigella flexneri varieties in China, including 92 strains with multidrug resistance, distinct pulse types, and a novel sequence type. Atypical varieties were prevalent mainly in developed regions, and 1 variant has become the dominant Shigella spp. serotype in China.

Whole-Genome Sequences of Four Salmonella enterica Serotype Newport Strains from Humans.

Salmonellosis contributes significantly to the public health burden globally. Salmonella enterica serotype Newport is among Salmonella serotypes most associated with food-borne illness in the United States and China. It was thought to be polyphyletic and to contain different lineages.

Infantile intracranial aggressive fibromatosis: report of two cases with a review of the literature.

Aggressive fibromatosis (AF) is characterized by a nonmetastatic fibroblastic proliferative lesion that is histologically benign with infiltrative growth and frequent recurrence. To our knowledge, infantile AF is rarely reported. There are no clear guidelines regarding the management and treatment strategies for intracranial infantile AF because of its rarity.

PI3K p110α isoform-dependent Rho GTPase Rac1 activation mediates H2S-promoted endothelial cell migration via actin cytoskeleton reorganization.

Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is now considered as the third gaseotransmitter, however, the signaling pathways that modulate the biomedical effect of H(2)S on endothelial cells are poorly defined. In the present study, we found in human endothelial cells that H(2)S increased cell migration rates and induced a marked reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, which was prevented by depletion of Rac1. Pharmacologic inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) both blunted the activation of Rac1 and the promotion of cell migration induced by H(2)S.

Neuroprotective effects of water-soluble Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on cerebral ischemic injury in rats.

Aim Of The Study: To investigate the neuroprotective effects of water-soluble Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLPS) on cerebral ischemic injury in rats, and to explore the involved mechanisms.

Materials And Methods: Two models [middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in primary cultured rat cortical neurons] were employed to mimic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) damage, in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Cerebral infarct area was measured by tetrazolium staining, and neurological functional deficits were assessed at 24h after I/R.

[Establishing and applying of autoregressive integrated moving average model to predict the incidence rate of dysentery in Shanghai].

Objective: To explore the feasibility of establishing and applying of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to predict the incidence rate of dysentery in Shanghai, so as to provide the theoretical basis for prevention and control of dysentery.

Methods: ARIMA model was established based on the monthly incidence rate of dysentery of Shanghai from 1990 to 2007. The parameters of model were estimated through unconditional least squares method, the structure was determined according to criteria of residual un-correlation and conclusion, and the model goodness-of-fit was determined through Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Schwarz Bayesian criterion (SBC).

[Study on the epidemiological characteristics and molecular typing of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Senftenberg in Shanghai].

Objective: To study the molecular epidemiological characteristics of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Senftenberg (Salmonella senftenberg) in Shanghai, from 2006 to 2007.

Methods: A retrospective analysis in 2006 and 2007 was performed to explore the source of food-borne Salmonella senftenberg.

Rhythm changes of clock genes, apoptosis-related genes and atherosclerosis-related genes in apolipoprotein E knockout mice.

Background: Acute myocardial infarction and stroke occur more frequently in the morning, suggesting a role of the circadian clock in these main causes of death, secondary to atherosclerosis.

Objectives: To investigate the expression of clock genes, apoptosis-related genes and atherosclerosis-related genes in the process of atherosclerosis.

Methods: Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice were used to establish animal models of early and advanced atherosclerosis.