Subthalamic γ Oscillation Underlying Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Abnormality in Parkinsonian Patients.

Background: Abnormal rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, including REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and reduced REM sleep, is common in Parkinson's disease (PD), highlighting the importance of further study on REM sleep. However, the biomarkers of REM disturbances remain unknown, leading to the lack of REM-specific neuromodulation interventions.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the neurophysiological biomarkers of REM disturbance in parkinsonian patients.

TSPO activation ameliorates maternal immune activation induced PV interneuron deficits via BDNF/TrkB signaling.

Rationale: Prenatal maternal immune activation (MIA) is an etiological risk factor for schizophrenia in offspring. Recently, parvalbumin (PV) positive interneuron deficits has been considered a critical pathology of many psych-cognitive disorders. Nevertheless, whether and how prenatal MIA affected PV interneuron in offspring remains largely unknown.

Urolithin A Inhibits Anterior Basolateral Amygdala to Ventral Hippocampal CA1 Circuit to Ameliorate Amyloid-β-Impaired Social Ability.

Background: Anxiety and social withdrawal are highly prevalent among patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the neural circuit mechanisms underlying these symptoms remain elusive, and there is a need for effective prevention strategies.

Objective: This study aims to elucidate the neural circuitry mechanisms underlying social anxiety in AD.

Generalized sleep decoding with basal ganglia signals in multiple movement disorders.

Sleep disturbances profoundly affect the quality of life in individuals with neurological disorders. Closed-loop deep brain stimulation (DBS) holds promise for alleviating sleep symptoms, however, this technique necessitates automated sleep stage decoding from intracranial signals. We leveraged overnight data from 121 patients with movement disorders (Parkinson's disease, Essential Tremor, Dystonia, Essential Tremor, Huntington's disease, and Tourette's syndrome) in whom synchronized polysomnograms and basal ganglia local field potentials were recorded, to develop a generalized, multi-class, sleep specific decoder - BGOOSE.

Neurophysiological features of STN LFP underlying sleep fragmentation in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Sleep fragmentation is a persistent problem throughout the course of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the related neurophysiological patterns and the underlying mechanisms remained unclear.

Method: We recorded subthalamic nucleus (STN) local field potentials (LFPs) using deep brain stimulation (DBS) with real-time wireless recording capacity from 13 patients with PD undergoing a one-night polysomnography recording, 1 month after DBS surgery before initial programming and when the patients were off-medication.

Moxibustion of Zusanli (ST36) and Shenshu (BL23) alleviates the inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis in rats through regulating macrophage migration inhibitory factor/glucocorticoids signaling.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that moxibustion may inhibit rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial inflammation by regulating the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)/glucocorticoids (GCs).

Methods: Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups ( 10 each): blank Control (CON) group, RA Model (RA) group, Moxibustion (MOX) group, MIF inhibitor (S,R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid methyl ester (ISO-1) group, and Moxibustion + MIF inhibitor ISO-1 (MOX + ISO-1) group. Rats in the ISO-1 group and ISO-1 + MOX group were intraperitoneally injected with the inhibitor ISO-1.

Perinatal outcome of emergency cesarean section under neuraxial anesthesia versus general anesthesia: a seven-year retrospective analysis.

Objective: An emergency cesarean section (CS), which is extremely life-threatening to the mother or fetus, seems to be performed within an adequate time horizon to avoid negative fetal-maternal denouement. An effective and vigilant technique for anesthesia remains vital for emergency cesarean delivery. Therefore, this study aimed to validate the impact of various anesthesia tactics on maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Evaluation of effects of small-incision approach treatment on proximal tibia fracture by deep learning algorithm-based magnetic resonance imaging.

In this study, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based on a deep learning algorithm was used to evaluate the clinical effect of the small-incision approach in treating proximal tibial fractures. Super-resolution reconstruction (SRR) algorithm was used to reconstruct MRI images for analysis and comparison. The research objects were 40 patients with proximal tibial fractures.

Alleviating experimental pulmonary hypertension co-delivering FoxO1 stimulus and apoptosis activator to hyperproliferating pulmonary arteries.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an insidious pulmonary vasculopathy with high mortality and morbidity and its underlying pathogenesis is still poorly delineated. The hyperproliferation and apoptosis resistance of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) contributes to pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension, which is closely linked to the downregulation of fork-head box transcriptional factor O1 (FoxO1) and apoptotic protein caspase 3 (Cas-3). Here, PA-targeted co-delivery of a FoxO1 stimulus (paclitaxel, PTX) and Cas-3 was exploited to alleviate monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension.

Can simultaneous immobilization of arsenic and cadmium in paddy soils be achieved by liming?

Liming acidic paddy soils to near-neutral pH is the most cost-effective strategy to minimize cadmium (Cd) accumulation by rice. However, the liming-induced effect on arsenic (As) (im)mobilization remains controversial and is called upon for further investigation, particularly for the safe utilization of paddy soils co-contaminated with As and Cd. Here, we explored As and Cd dissolution along pH gradients in flooded paddy soils and extracted key factors accounting for their release discrepancy with liming.

Lithium-plasmon-based low-powered dynamic color display.

Display and power supply have been two essential and independent cornerstones of modern electronics. Here, we report a lithium-plasmon-based low-powered dynamic color display with intrinsic dual functionality (plasmonic display and energy recycling unit) which is a result of the electric-field-driven transformation of nanostructured lithium metals. Dynamic color displays are enabled by plasmonic transformation through electrodeposition (electrostripping) of lithium metals during the charging (discharging) process, while the consumed energy for coloring can be retrieved in the inverse process respectively.

Deep brain-machine interfaces: sensing and modulating the human deep brain.

Different from conventional brain-machine interfaces that focus more on decoding the cerebral cortex, deep brain-machine interfaces enable interactions between external machines and deep brain structures. They sense and modulate deep brain neural activities, aiming at function restoration, device control and therapeutic improvements. In this article, we provide an overview of multiple deep brain recording and stimulation techniques that can serve as deep brain-machine interfaces.

A vegetation classification method based on improved dual-way branch feature fusion U-net.

Aiming at the problems of complex structure parameters and low feature extraction ability of U-Net used in vegetation classification, a deep network with improved U-Net and dual-way branch input is proposed. Firstly, The principal component analysis (PCA) is used to reduce the dimension of hyperspectral remote sensing images, and the effective bands are obtained. Secondly, the depthwise separable convolution and residual connections are combined to replace the common convolution layers of U-Net for depth feature extraction to ensure classification accuracy and reduce the complexity of network parameters.

EBE-YOLOv4: A lightweight detecting model for pine cones in forest.

Pine cones are important forest products, and the picking process is complex. Aiming at the multi-objective and dispersed characteristics of pine cones in the forest, a machine vision detection model (EBE-YOLOV4) is designed to solve the problems of many parameters and poor computing ability of the general YOLOv4, so as to realize rapid and accurate recognition of pine cones in the forest. Taking YOLOv4 as the basic framework, this method can realize a lightweight and accurate recognition model for pine cones in forest through optimized design of the backbone and the neck networks.

Infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex signalling to calbindin 1 positive neurons in posterior basolateral amygdala suppresses anxiety- and depression-like behaviours.

Generalization is a fundamental cognitive ability of organisms to deal with the uncertainty in real-world situations. Excessive fear generalization and impaired reward generalization are closely related to many psychiatric disorders. However, the neural circuit mechanism for reward generalization and its role in anxiety-like behaviours remain elusive.

Esophageal granular cell tumor: A case report.

Background: Esophageal granular cell tumor (eGCT) is a relatively rare, usually benign neoplasm of the neuroectoderm. It is derived from Schwann cells. Clinical symptoms of this disease are non-specific.

Correlation between pleth variability index and ultrasonic inferior vena cava-collapsibility index in parturients with twin pregnancies undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.

Background: To explore the correlation and consistency of non-invasive pleth variability index (PVI) combined with ultrasonic measurement of inferior vena cava-collapsibility index (IVC-CI) in parturients with twin pregnancies undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.

Methods: Forty-seven twin pregnancies women undergoing elective cesarean section were selected. The ASA score was rated as I-II, aged from 18 to 45 years.

P301S-hTau acetylates KEAP1 to trigger synaptic toxicity via inhibiting NRF2/ARE pathway: A novel mechanism underlying hTau-induced synaptic toxicities.

Background: Human Tau (hTau) accumulation and synapse loss are two pathological hallmarks of tauopathies. However, whether and how hTau exerts toxic effects on synapses remain elusive.

Methods: Mutated hTau (P301S) was overexpressed in the N2a cell line, primary hippocampal neurons and hippocampal CA3.

Deficit of perineuronal net induced by maternal immune activation mediates the cognitive impairment in offspring during adolescence.

Maternal immune activation (MIA) during pregnancy is considered a risk factor for neurodevelopment in the offspring, resulting in behavioral abnormalities. Furthermore, adolescence is a vulnerable period for developing different psycho-cognitive deficits. Here, we aimed to observe the cognitive consequences of prenatal MIA exposure in adolescents and explored the underlying mechanisms.

Arsenic extraction from seriously contaminated paddy soils with ferrihydrite-loaded sand columns.

Reductive dissolution of iron oxides in flooded paddy soils is the most important cause of arsenic (As) release into soil aqueous solution and thus entry into rice. From the perspective of soil cleanup, however, As release under flooded condition could facilitate labile As removal. In this study, a porous column pre-loaded with ferrihydrite (Fh) was constructed, and its efficiency of soil As extraction was investigated using a purpose-designed mesocosm coupled with diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) for in situ visualization.

Changes in Chemical and Thermal Properties of Bamboo after Delignification Treatment.

Bamboo delignification is a common method for studying its functional value-added applications. In this study, bamboo samples were delignified by treatment with sodium chlorite. The effects of this treatment on the bamboo's microstructure, surface chemical composition, and pyrolysis behaviour were evaluated.

Self-redox reaction driven in situ formation of CuO/TiCT nanosheets boost the photocatalytic eradication of multi-drug resistant bacteria from infected wound.

Background: MXenes with interesting optical and electrical properties have been attractive in biomedical applications such as antibacterial and anticancer agents, but their low photogeneration efficiency of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and poor stability are major concerns against microbial resistance.

Methods: Water-dispersible single layer TiCT-based MXene through etching tightly stacked MAX phase precursor using a minimally intensive layer delamination method. After addition of Cu(II) ions, the adsorbed Cu(II) ions underwent self-redox reactions with the surface oxygenated moieties of MXene, leading to in situ formation of CuO species to yield CuO/TiCT nanosheets (heterostructures).

Periphery Biomarkers for Objective Diagnosis of Cognitive Decline in Type 2 Diabetes Patients.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an independent risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and populations with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have high incidence to suffer from AD. Therefore, discerning who may be more vulnerable to MCI, among the increasing T2DM populations, is important for early intervention and eventually decreasing the prevalence rate of AD. This study was to explore whether the change of plasma β-amyloid (Aβ) could be a biomarker to distinguish MCI (T2DM-MCI) from non-MCI (T2DM-nMCI) in T2DM patients.