Deciphering the endogenous SUMO-1 landscape: a novel combinatorial peptide enrichment strategy for global profiling and disease association.

Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) plays a pivotal role in diverse cellular processes and is implicated in diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. However, large-scale identification of endogenous SUMO-1 faces challenges due to limited enrichment methods and its lower abundance compared to SUMO-2/3. Here we propose a novel combinatorial peptide strategy, combined with anti-adhesive polymer development, to enrich endogenous SUMO-1 modified peptides, revealing a comprehensive SUMOylation landscape.

Plant Rho GTPase ROP6 Is Essential for Manganese Homeostasis in Arabidopsis.

Manganese (Mn) is an indispensable mineral for plant growth and development. However, plants cultivated in acidic and poorly drained soils are vulnerable to Mn toxicity due to its heightened increased bioavailability. Despite the crucial roles of the Rho of plant (ROP) GTPases in various cellular processes, their precise function in regulating Mn homeostasis remains elusive.

Edible thermosensitive chitosan/hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin hydrogel with natural licoricidin for enhancing oral health: Biofilm disruption and demineralization prevention.

Dental caries, a widespread and significantly detrimental health condition, is characterized by demineralization, pain, compromised tooth functionality, and various other adverse effects. Licoricidin (LC), a natural isoflavonoid, demonstrates potent antimicrobial properties for maintaining oral health. However, its practical application is significantly hindered by its limited water solubility and susceptibility to removal within the oral environment.

Systematic characterization of CsbZIP transcription factors in Camelina sativa and functional analysis of CsbZIP-A12 mediating regulation of unsaturated fatty acid-enriched oil biosynthesis.

The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors (TFs) function importantly in numerous life processes in plants. However, bZIP members and their biological roles remain unknown in Camelina sativa, a worldwide promising oil crop. Here, 220 CsbZIP proteins were identified in camelina and classified into thirteen groups.

AβPP-tau-HAS1 axis trigger HAS1-related nuclear speckles and gene transcription in Alzheimer's disease.

As the backbone of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the perineuronal nets (PNNs), hyaluronic acid (HA) provides binding sites for proteoglycans and other ECM components. Although the pivotal of HA has been recognized in Alzheimer's disease (AD), few studies have addressed the relationship between AD pathology and HA synthases (HASs). Here, HASs in different regions of AD brains were screened in transcriptomic database and validated in AβPP/PS1 mice.

3D-Printed Magnesium Peroxide-Incorporated Scaffolds with Sustained Oxygen Release and Enhanced Photothermal Performance for Osteosarcoma Multimodal Treatments.

The hypoxic microenvironment in osteosarcoma inevitably compromises the antitumor effect and local bone defect repair, suggesting an urgent need for sustained oxygenation in the tumor. The currently reported oxygen-releasing materials have short oxygen-releasing cycles, harmful products, and limited antitumor effects simply by improving hypoxia. Therefore, the PCL/nHA/MgO/PDA-integrated oxygen-releasing scaffold with a good photothermal therapy effect was innovatively constructed in this work to achieve tumor cell killing and bone regeneration functions simultaneously.

Nodulation Signaling Pathway 1 and 2 Modulate Vanadium Accumulation and Tolerance of Legumes.

Vanadium (V) pollution potentially threatens human health. Here, it is found that nsp1 and nsp2, Rhizobium symbiosis defective mutants of Medicago truncatula, are sensitive to V. Concentrations of phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), and sulfur (S) with V are negatively correlated in the shoots of wild-type R108, but not in mutant nsp1 and nsp2 shoots.

Calcium-dependent protein kinases CPK21 and CPK23 phosphorylate and activate the iron-regulated transporter IRT1 to regulate iron deficiency in Arabidopsis.

Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for all organisms. Fe availability in the soil is usually much lower than that required for plant growth, and Fe deficiencies seriously restrict crop growth and yield. Calcium (Ca) is a second messenger in all eukaryotes; however, it remains largely unknown how Ca regulates Fe deficiency.

Secreted endogenous macrosomes reduce Aβ burden and ameliorate Alzheimer's disease.

Innovative therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to the increasing size of the aging population and the lack of effective drug treatment. Here, we report the therapeutic effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by microglia, including macrosomes and small EVs, on AD-associated pathology. Macrosomes strongly inhibited β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation and rescued cells from Aβ misfolding-induced cytotoxicity.

Targeted pH-responsive chitosan nanogels with Tanshinone IIA for enhancing the antibacterial/anti-biofilm efficacy.

Persistent bacterial infection caused by biofilms is one of the most serious problems that threatened human health. The development of antibacterial agents remains a challenge to penetrate biofilm and effectively treat the underlying bacterial infection. In the current study, chitosan-based nanogels were developed for encapsulating the Tanshinone IIA (TA) to enhance the antibacterial and anti-biofilm efficacy against Streptococcus mutans (S.

Brassinosteroid transcription factor BES1 modulates nitrate deficiency by promoting NRT2.1 and NRT2.2 transcription in Arabidopsis.

Nitrogen (N) is one of the most essential mineral elements for plants. Brassinosteroids (BRs) play key roles in plant growth and development. Emerging evidence indicates that BRs participate in the responses to nitrate deficiency.

Plasma membrane-associated calcium signaling regulates arsenate tolerance in Arabidopsis.

Arsenate [As(V)] is a metalloid with heavy metal properties and is widespread in many environments. Dietary intake of food derived from arsenate-contaminated plants constitutes a major fraction of the potentially health-threatening human exposure to arsenic. However, the mechanisms underlying how plants respond to arsenate stress and regulate the function of relevant transporters are poorly understood.

PP2C.D phosphatase SAL1 positively regulates aluminum resistance via restriction of aluminum uptake in rice.

Aluminum (Al) toxicity represents a primary constraint for crop production in acidic soils. Rice (Oryza sativa) is a highly Al-resistant species; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its high Al resistance are still not fully understood. Here, we identified SAL1 (SENSITIVE TO ALUMINUM 1), which encodes a plasma membrane (PM)-localized PP2C.

The human islet amyloid polypeptide reduces hippocampal tauopathy and behavioral impairments in P301S mice without inducing neurotoxicity or seeding amyloid aggregation.

Recent evidence suggests that human islet amyloid polypeptide (h-IAPP) accumulates in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and may interact with Aβ or microtubule associated protein tau to associate with the neurodegenerative process. Increasing evidence indicates a potential protective effect of h-IAPP against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in AD mouse models. However, a direct therapeutic effect of h-IAPP supplementation on tauopathy has not been established.

Chitosan nanoparticles efficiently enhance the dispersibility, stability and selective antibacterial activity of insoluble isoflavonoids.

Natural isoflavonoids have attracted much attention in the treatment of oral bacterial infections and other diseases due to their excellent antibacterial activity and safety. However, their poor water solubility, instability and low bioavailability seriously limited the practical application. In this study, licoricidin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (LC-CSNPs) were synthesized by self-assembly for improving the dispersion of licoricidin (LC) and strengthening antibacterial and anti-biofilm performance.

Genome-wide identification and functional analysis of Dof transcription factor family in Camelina sativa.

Background: Dof transcription factors (TFs) containing C-C zinc finger domains are plant-specific regulatory proteins, playing crucial roles in a variety of biological processes. However, little is known about Dof in Camelina sativa, an important oil crop worldwide, with high stress tolerance. In this study, a genome-wide characterization of Dof proteins is performed to examine their basic structural characteristics, phylogenetics, expression patterns, and functions to identify the regulatory mechanism underlying lipid/oil accumulation and the candidate Dofs mediating stress resistance regulation in C.

Clinical profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns of invasive Salmonella infections in children in China.

Invasive Salmonella infections result in a significant burden of disease including morbidity, mortality, and financial cost in many countries. Besides typhoid fever, the clinical impact of non-typhoid Salmonella infections is increasingly recognized with the improvement of laboratory detection capacity and techniques. A retrospective multicenter study was conducted to analyze the clinical profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns of invasive Salmonella infections in hospitalized children in China during 2016-2018.

Novel melatonin-trientine conjugate as potential therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease.

Researchers continue to explore drug targets to treat the characteristic pathologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Some drugs relieve the pathological processes of AD to some extent, but the failed clinical trials indicate that multifunctional agents seem more likely to achieve the therapy goals for this neurodegenerative disease. Herein, a novel compound named melatonin-trientine (TM) has been covalently synthesized with the natural antioxidant compounds melatonin and the metal ion chelator trientine.

ATP13A2 Declines Zinc-Induced Accumulation of α-Synuclein in a Parkinson's Disease Model.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies caused by α-synuclein. The imbalance of zinc homeostasis is a major cause of PD, promoting α-synuclein accumulation. ATP13A2, a transporter found in acidic vesicles, plays an important role in Zn homeostasis and is highly expressed in Lewy bodies in PD-surviving neurons.

Current understanding of the interactions between metal ions and Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia in the elderly, is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder with no effective disease-modifying treatments to date. Studies have shown that an imbalance in brain metal ions, such as zinc, copper, and iron, is closely related to the onset and progression of AD. Many efforts have been made to understand metal-related mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for AD.

Aspartic Acid-Modified Phospholipids Regulate Cell Response and Rescue Memory Deficits in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice.

Misfolding and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) to form senile plaques are the main neuropathological signatures of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Decreasing Aβ production, inhibiting Aβ aggregation, and clearing Aβ plaques are thus considered an important strategy for AD treatment. However, numerous drugs cannot enter the AD clinical trials due to unsatisfactory biocompatibility, poor blood-brain barrier penetration, little biomarker impact, and/or low therapeutic indicators.

Functional Characterization of Soybean Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 3 in Yeast and Soybean.

Diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) function as the key rate-limiting enzymes in biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG) by transferring an acyl group from acyl-CoA to -3 of diacylglycerol (DAG) to form TAG. Here, two members of the gene family, and , were identified from the soybean () genome. Both of them were predicted to encode soluble cytosolic proteins containing the typical thioredoxin-like ferredoxin domain.

Characterisation of two novel genes encoding Δ fatty acid desaturases (CeSADs) for oleic acid accumulation in the oil-rich tuber of Cyperus esculentus.

Cyperus esculentus is considered one of the most promising oil crops due to its oil-rich tuber, wide adaptability and large biomass production. Preferable triacylglycerol (TAG) composition, especially high oleic acid content, makes tuber oil suitable for human consumption and biodiesel production. However, the mechanism underlying oleic acid enrichment in the tuber remains unknown.

Phage display derived peptides for Alzheimer's disease therapy and diagnosis.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable and fatal progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with memory and cognition impairment. AD is one of the top medical care concerns across the world with a projected economic burden of $2 trillion by 2030. To date, however, there remains no effective disease-modifying therapy available.