Effects of Inclined Interface Angle on Compressible Rayleigh-Taylor Instability: A Numerical Study Based on the Discrete Boltzmann Method.

Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability is a basic fluid interface instability that widely exists in nature and in the engineering field. To investigate the impact of the initial inclined interface on compressible RT instability, the two-component discrete Boltzmann method is employed. Both the thermodynamic non-equilibrium (TNE) and hydrodynamic non-equilibrium (HNE) effects are studied.

Domain-Aware Dual Attention for Generalized Medical Image Segmentation on Unseen Domains.

Recently, there has been significant progress in medical image segmentation utilizing deep learning techniques. However, these achievements largely rely on the supposition that the source and target domain data are identically distributed, and the direct application of related methods without addressing the distribution shift results in dramatic degradation in realistic clinical environments. Current approaches concerning the distribution shift either require the target domain data in advance for adaptation, or focus only on the distribution shift across domains while ignoring the intra-domain data variation.

Multiple-relaxation-time discrete Boltzmann modeling of multicomponent mixture with nonequilibrium effects.

A multiple-relaxation-time discrete Boltzmann model (DBM) is proposed for multicomponent mixtures, where compressible, hydrodynamic, and thermodynamic nonequilibrium effects are taken into account. It allows the specific heat ratio and the Prandtl number to be adjustable, and is suitable for both low and high speed fluid flows. From the physical side, besides being consistent with the multicomponent Navier-Stokes equations, Fick's law, and Stefan-Maxwell diffusion equation in the hydrodynamic limit, the DBM provides more kinetic information about the nonequilibrium effects.

Knudsen Number Effects on Two-Dimensional Rayleigh-Taylor Instability in Compressible Fluid: Based on a Discrete Boltzmann Method.

Based on the framework of our previous work [H.L. Lai et al.

Total-Factor Eco-Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, China.

Urban agglomerations are not only the core areas leading economic growth but also the fronts facing severe resource and environmental challenges. This paper aimed to increase our understanding of urban eco-efficiency and its influencing factors and thus provide the scientific basis for green development. We developed a model that incorporates super-efficiency, slacks-based-measure, and global-frontier technology to calculate the total-factor eco-efficiency (TFEE) and used a spatial panel Tobit model to take into account spatial spillover effects.

Mesoscopic Simulation of the Two-Component System of Coupled Sine-Gordon Equations with Lattice Boltzmann Method.

In this paper, a new lattice Boltzmann model for the two-component system of coupled sine-Gordon equations is presented by using the coupled mesoscopic Boltzmann equations. Via the Chapman-Enskog multiscale expansion, the macroscopical governing evolution system can be recovered correctly by selecting suitable discrete equilibrium distribution functions and the amending functions. The mesoscopic model has been validated by several related issues where analytic solutions are available.

Mesoscopic Simulation of the (2 + 1)-Dimensional Wave Equation with Nonlinear Damping and Source Terms Using the Lattice Boltzmann BGK Model.

In this work, we develop a mesoscopic lattice Boltzmann Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) model to solve (2 + 1)-dimensional wave equation with the nonlinear damping and source terms. Through the Chapman-Enskog multiscale expansion, the macroscopic governing evolution equation can be obtained accurately by choosing appropriate local equilibrium distribution functions. We validate the present mesoscopic model by some related issues where the exact solution is known.

Nonequilibrium thermohydrodynamic effects on the Rayleigh-Taylor instability in compressible flows.

The effects of compressibility on Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) are investigated by inspecting the interplay between thermodynamic and hydrodynamic nonequilibrium phenomena (TNE, HNE, respectively) via a discrete Boltzmann model. Two effective approaches are presented, one tracking the evolution of the local TNE effects and the other focusing on the evolution of the mean temperature of the fluid, to track the complex interfaces separating the bubble and the spike regions of the flow. It is found that both the compressibility effects and the global TNE intensity show opposite trends in the initial and the later stages of the RTI.

Crystal structure and genetic modifications of FI-CMCase from Aspergillus aculeatus F-50.

Cellulose is the major component of the plant cell wall and the most abundant renewable biomass on earth, and its decomposition has proven to be very useful in many commercial applications. Endo-1,4-β-d-glucanase (EC 3.2.

Functional and structural analysis of Pichia pastoris-expressed Aspergillus niger 1,4-β-endoglucanase.

Eukaryotic 1,4-β-endoglucanases (EC 3.2.1.

Improving specific activity and thermostability of Escherichia coli phytase by structure-based rational design.

Escherichia coli phytase (EcAppA) which hydrolyzes phytate has been widely applied in the feed industry, but the need to improve the enzyme activity and thermostability remains. Here, we conduct rational design with two strategies to enhance the EcAppA performance. First, residues near the substrate binding pocket of EcAppA were modified according to the consensus sequence of two highly active Citrobacter phytases.

Lattice Boltzmann model for generalized nonlinear wave equations.

In this paper, a lattice Boltzmann model is developed to solve a class of the nonlinear wave equations. Through selecting equilibrium distribution function and an amending function properly, the governing evolution equation can be recovered correctly according to our proposed scheme, in which the Chapman-Enskog expansion is employed. We validate the algorithm on some problems where analytic solutions are available, including the second-order telegraph equation, the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation, and the damped, driven sine-Gordon equation.

Rational design to improve thermostability and specific activity of the truncated Fibrobacter succinogenes 1,3-1,4-β-D-glucanase.

1,3-1,4-β-D-Glucanase has been widely used as a feed additive to help non-ruminant animals digest plant fibers, with potential in increasing nutrition turnover rate and reducing sanitary problems. Engineering of enzymes for better thermostability is of great importance because it not only can broaden their industrial applications, but also facilitate exploring the mechanism of enzyme stability from structural point of view. To obtain enzyme with higher thermostability and specific activity, structure-based rational design was carried out in this study.

Diverse substrate recognition mechanism revealed by Thermotoga maritima Cel5A structures in complex with cellotetraose, cellobiose and mannotriose.

The hyperthermophilic endoglucanase Cel5A from Thermotoga maritima can find applications in lignocellulosic biofuel production, because it catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucan- and mannan-based polysaccharides. Here, we report the crystal structures in apo-form and in complex with three ligands, cellotetraose, cellobiose and mannotriose, at 1.29Å to 2.

Crystal structures of Bacillus alkaline phytase in complex with divalent metal ions and inositol hexasulfate.

Alkaline phytases from Bacillus species, which hydrolyze phytate to less phosphorylated myo-inositols and inorganic phosphate, have great potential as additives to animal feed. The thermostability and neutral optimum pH of Bacillus phytase are attributed largely to the presence of calcium ions. Nonetheless, no report has demonstrated directly how the metal ions coordinate phytase and its substrate to facilitate the catalytic reaction.

Crystal structure and substrate-binding mode of cellulase 12A from Thermotoga maritima.

Cellulases have been used in many applications to treat various carbohydrate-containing materials. Thermotoga maritima cellulase 12A (TmCel12A) belongs to the GH12 family of glycoside hydrolases. It is a β-1,4-endoglucanase that degrades cellulose molecules into smaller fragments, facilitating further utilization of the carbohydrate.

Structures of Selenomonas ruminantium phytase in complex with persulfated phytate: DSP phytase fold and mechanism for sequential substrate hydrolysis.

Various inositide phosphatases participate in the regulation of inositol polyphosphate signaling molecules. Plant phytases are phosphatases that hydrolyze phytate to less-phosphorylated myo-inositol derivatives and phosphate. The phytase from Selenomonas ruminantium shares no sequence homology with other microbial phytases.