Crosstalk between autophagy and other forms of programmed cell death.

Cell death occurs continuously throughout individual development. By removing damaged or senescent cells, cell death not only facilitates morphogenesis during the developmental process, but also contributes to maintaining homeostasis after birth. In addition, cell death reduces the spread of pathogens by eliminating infected cells.

Brain functional alternation in patients with systemic sclerosis: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Background: Neuropsychiatric manifestations, such as cognitive impairment, are relatively prevalent in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. This study aimed to investigate the resting state (RS) functional alternations of SSc patients and the potential influenced factors.

Methods: Forty-four SSc patients (mean age, 46.

The role and mechanism of AMPK in pulmonary hypertension.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic progressive disease with high mortality. There has been more and more research focusing on the role of AMPK in PH. AMPK consists of three subunits-α, β, and γ.

The skin tears knowledge among geriatric ward nurses and associated factors: A cross-sectional study.

Aim: To determine the level of knowledge about skin tears among geriatric ward nurses and identify associated factors.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study in Southwest China, 1172 geriatric ward nurses from 10 hospitals participated. Data were collected using Sojump, a Chinese web-based platform, and the Skin Tear Knowledge Assessment Instrument was used to assess their knowledge.

Knowledge status of skin tear prevention and its demographic and occupational influencing factors: A National cross-sectional survey among nurses.

Aim: A skin tear (ST) is a common skin injury that is often misdiagnosed or overlooked. This study examined the current state of nurses' ST knowledge and its influencing factors.

Design: A national cross-sectional survey combined with a quantitative analysis was used to provide evidence of poor ST knowledge among nurses and its influencing factors.

High-mobility group box 1 emerges as a therapeutic target for asthma.

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a highly conserved nonhistone nuclear protein found in the calf thymus and participates in a variety of intracellular processes such as DNA transcription, replication and repair. In the cytoplasm, HMGB1 promotes mitochondrial autophagy and is involved in in cellular stress response. Once released into the extracellular, HMGB1 becomes an inflammatory factor that triggers inflammatory responses and a variety of immune responses.

Diffusing capacity of lungs for carbon monoxide associated with subclinical myocardial impairment in systemic sclerosis: A cardiac MR study.

Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterised by microvascular and fibrotic lesions, which are located not only in skin but also in lungs and heart.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between lung function and myocardial T1 values using cardiac MR (CMR) imaging in patients with SSc without cardiovascular symptoms.

Methods: The SSc patients and age- and sex-matched healthy subjects underwent CMR.

Ferroptosis triggers airway inflammation in asthma.

Ferroptosis is a regulatory cell death characterized by intracellular iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation that leads to oxidative stress. Many signaling pathways such as iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism precisely regulate the process of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is involved in a variety of lung diseases, such as acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary fibrosis.

The Mechanisms of Ferroptosis Under Hypoxia.

Ferroptosis is a new form of programmed cell death, which is characterized by the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxidation and increase of ROS, resulting in oxidative stress and cell death. Iron, lipid, and multiple signaling pathways precisely control the occurrence and implementation of ferroptosis. The pathways mainly include Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, p62/Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Lysinibacillus capsici 38,328 isolated from agricultural soils as a promising probiotic candidate for intestinal health.

There is an increasing interest in the use of spore-forming Bacillus spp. as probiotic ingredients on the market. However, probiotics Bacillus species are insufficient, and more safe Bacillus species were required.

The clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with systemic sclerosis with myocardial involvement.

Background: Myocardial involvement (MI) is the primary cause of death in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). We analyzed patients with SSc and MI to identify their characteristics and outcome.

Method: We retrospectively collected data from SSc patients with MI admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2012 and May 2021.

A simple system for measuring the transmittance curve of x-ray filters at low x-ray energies.

To prevent the x-ray detectors from the interference of optical photons, x-ray filters are widely used in x-ray space missions. As the flux of low energy x-rays would be significantly attenuated by the filters, it is important to derive the transmittance of the filters below 10 keV. In this paper, we present a simple experimental apparatus and data processing method to measure the transmittance curve of x-ray filters in the energy range from 1.

Cholesteric liquid crystal-enabled electrically programmable metasurfaces for simultaneous near- and far-field displays.

Metasurfaces can enable polarization multiplexing of light so as to carry more information. Specific polarized light necessitates bulk polarizers and waveplates, which significantly increases the form size of metasurface devices. We propose an electrically programmable metasurface enabled by dual-frequency cholesteric liquid crystals (DF-CLCs) for simultaneous near- and far-field displays.

Plasmonic Chiral Metasurface-Induced Upconverted Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Achiral Upconversion Nanoparticles.

Chirality induction, transfer, and manipulation have aroused great interest in achiral nanomaterials. Here, we demonstrate strong upconverted circularly polarized luminescence from achiral core-shell upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) via a plasmonic chiral metasurface-induced optical chirality transfer. The Yb-sensitized core-shell UCNPs with good dispersity exhibit intense upconversion luminescence of Tm and Nd through the energy transfer process.

Electrically switchable structural colors based on liquid-crystal-overlaid aluminum anisotropic nanoaperture arrays.

Actively tunable or reconfigurable structural colors are highly promising in future development for high resolution imaging and displaying applications. To this end, we demonstrate switchable structural colors covering the entire visible range by integrating aluminum nanoaperture arrays with nematic liquid crystals. The geometrically anisotropic design of the nanoapertures provides strong polarization-dependent coloration.

Ultrathin Suspended Chiral Metasurfaces for Enantiodiscrimination.

Chiral metasurfaces can exhibit a strong circular dichroism, but it is limited by the complicated fabrication procedure and alignment errors. Here, a new type of self-aligned suspended chiral bilayer metasurface with only one-step electron beam lithography exposure is demonstrated. A significant optical chirality of 221° µm can be realized using suspended metasurfaces with a thickness of 100 nm.

Shear Wave Elastography-Assisted Ultrasound Breast Image Analysis and Identification of Abnormal Data.

In this paper, shear wave elastography was used to study and analyze the images of the breast in-depth and identify the abnormal image data. Sixty breast lesions were evaluated, and quantitative metrics were reproducible in the static and dynamic modes of shear wave elastography with a higher interobserver agreement in dynamic qualitative metrics than in the static mode. There were no statistically significant differences between the two modes of imaging in quantitative metrics, and quantitative metrics were more effective than qualitative metrics.

Electrically Switchable, Polarization-Sensitive Encryption Based on Aluminum Nanoaperture Arrays Integrated with Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals.

Metasurface-based structural coloration is a promising enabling technology for advanced optical encryption with a high-security level. Herein, we propose a paradigm of electrically switchable, polarization-sensitive optical encryption based on designed metasurfaces integrated with polymer-dispersed liquid crystals. The metasurfaces consist of anisotropic and isotropic aluminum nanoaperture arrays.

Diagnostic Value of Sestrin2 in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a serious threat to individual health. Diagnosis of OSA is mainly polysomnography (PSG). However, PSG monitoring is costly and time-consuming.

Linearly Polarized Emission from Shear-Induced Nematic Phase Upconversion Nanorods.

Lanthanide-doped particles exhibit unique polarization-dependent luminescence due to the anisotropic crystalline local symmetry surrounding the emitter. Precise control of the orientation of particles shows great significance for exploiting the luminescent polarization and their potential applications. Here, we demonstrated a facile polypropylene-aided shear-driven method to obtain large-scale orientationally ordered upconversion nanorods, showing a liquid-crystalline nematic phase.

Facile In Situ Photochemical Synthesis of Silver Nanoaggregates for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Applications.

Recently, photochemical synthesis has attracted wide interest on in situ preparing the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate with excellent performance, especially in a compact space and microfluidic channel. Herein, a facile, green and cost-effective approach to in situ photochemically synthesize silver nanoaggregates is demonstrated for SERS applications. By adjusting the photo-irradiation conditions, the morphologies and sizes of the silver nanoaggregates can be deliberately tailored.

Plasmonically Enhanced Upconversion Luminescence via Holographically Formed Silver Nanogratings.

Greatly enhanced upconversion luminescence was demonstrated by integrating the core-shell upconversion nanorods with the Ag nanogratings. Both the Ag nanogratings and upconversion nanorods were fabricated/synthesized in a facile, cost-effective, high-throughput way. Experimental results showed that the upconversion luminescence intensity of Er in the core-shell upconversion nanorods can be well tuned and enhanced by changing the shell thickness and the period of the Ag nanograting.

Electrically switchable photonic crystals based on liquid-crystal-infiltrated TiO-inverse opals.

Electrically switchable photonic crystals are demonstrated based on TiO inverse opals infiltrated with liquid crystals. Macroporous anatase TiO inverse opals are fabricated from polystyrene opal templates through a sandwich vacuum backfilled method and followed by calcination. Upon liquid crystal infiltration, the optical properties of the hybrid organic/inorganic structure are characterized by reflectance measurements of the Bragg peak, the position of which can be switched using an external electric field.