Impacts of various amendments on the microbial communities and soil organic carbon of coastal saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta.

The utilization of industrial and agricultural resources, such as desulfurization gypsum and straw, is increasingly favored to improve saline alkali land. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive study on the mechanism of organic carbon turnover under the conditions of desulfurization gypsum and straw application. We studied the changes in soil chemical performance, microbial diversity, and microbial community structure in soils with the addition of various levels of straw (no straw, S; low straw, S; medium straw, S; and high straw, S) and gypsum (no gypsum, DG; low gypsum, DG; and high gypsum, DG) in a 120-day incubation experiment.

Effect of Straw and Wood Ash on Soil Carbon Sequestration and Bacterial Community in a Calcareous Soil.

Soil fertility can be improved by effectively utilizing agricultural waste. Straw can supply energy and wood ash adds nutrients to improve soil quality. However, few kinds of research have investigated the effect of wood ash and straw on soil carbon sequestration and the soil bacterial population, particularly in calcareous soils.

IL-27/IL-27R Mediates Protective Immunity against Chlamydial Infection by Suppressing Excessive Th17 Responses and Reducing Neutrophil Inflammation.

IL-27, a heterodimeric cytokine of the IL-12 family, has diverse influences on the development of multiple inflammatory diseases. In this study, we identified the protective role of IL-27/IL-27R in host defense against respiratory infection and further investigated the immunological mechanism. Our results showed that IL-27 was involved in infection and that IL-27R knockout mice (WSX-1 mice) suffered more severe disease, with greater body weight loss, higher chlamydial loads, and more severe inflammatory reactions in the lungs than C57BL/6 wild-type mice.

IL-21/IL-21R Signaling Aggravated Respiratory Inflammation Induced by Intracellular Bacteria through Regulation of CD4 T Cell Subset Responses.

The IL-21/IL-21R interaction plays an important role in a variety of immune diseases; however, the roles and mechanisms in intracellular bacterial infection are not fully understood. In this study, we explored the effect of IL-21/IL-21R on chlamydial respiratory tract infection using a chlamydial respiratory infection model. The results showed that the mRNA expression of IL-21 and IL-21R was increased in -infected mice, which suggested that IL-21 and IL-21R were involved in host defense against lung infection.

Endogenous IL-17A mediated neutrophil infiltration by promoting chemokines expression during chlamydial lung infection.

Chlamydia is an obligate intracellular bacteria, which can infect cervix, urethra, conjunctiva, joints, lungs and so on. Neutrophils are important in host protection against microbial invasion during the early phase of infection. Here, to investigate the mechanism of IL-17A in recruiting neutrophils during Chlamydia muridarum (Cm) lung infection, we introduced IL-17A antibodies and IL-17 mice to confirm the effect of IL-17A on influencing neutrophil attractants expressions.

Enhancing organic and inorganic carbon sequestration in calcareous soil by the combination of wheat straw and wood ash and/or lime.

Increasing organic carbon sequestration in agricultural soils is important for improving soil fertility and mitigating climate change. Wood ash is generally applied as a potassium fertilizer, but the effects of simultaneous incorporation of wood ash and crop straw on the turnover of soil organic carbon (SOC) and inorganic carbon (SIC) are not well understood. In this study, a 118-day lab incubation experiment was conducted using a calcareous soil (with 10 years of continuous maize cropping history) to study the effects of adding wheat straw, wood ash and lime.

V4+ T Cells: A Novel IL-17-Producing T Subsets during the Early Phase of Chlamydial Airway Infection in Mice.

Our previous studies showed that T cells provided immune protection against Chlamydial (Cm), an obligate intracellular strain of chlamydia trachomatis, lung infection by producing abundant IL-17. In this study, we investigated the proliferation and activation of lung T cell subsets, specifically the IL-17 and IFN production by them following Cm lung infection. Our results found that five T cell subsets, V1+ T, V2+ T, V4+ T, V5+ T, and V6+ T, expressed in lungs of naïve mice, while Cm lung infection mainly induced the proliferation and activation of V4+ T cells at day 3 p.

Comparison of reactive oxygen species metabolism during grape berry development between 'Kyoho' and its early ripening bud mutant 'Fengzao'.

Enzymes and non-enzyme elements related to the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbic acid (AsA), glutathione (GSH), NADPH oxidase (NOX), hydrogen peroxide (HO), superoxide anion (O), lipoxygenase (LOX) and malondialdehyde (MDA), were measured in 'Kyoho' and its early ripening bud mutant 'Fengzao' to compare ROS level changes and investigate the potential roles of ROS in grape berry development and the ripening process. In addition, the anthocyanin and sugar contents as well as berry diameter were also investigated at different berry development stages. The results showed that the HO content and LOX activity exhibited obviously different trends between 'Fengzao' and 'Kyoho' during the berry development stages.

Respective IL-17A production by γδ T and Th17 cells and its implication in host defense against chlamydial lung infection.

The role of IL-17A is important in protection against lung infection with Chlamydiae, an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen. In this study, we explored the producers of IL-17A in chlamydial lung infection and specifically tested the role of major IL-17A producers in protective immunity. We found that γδT cells and Th17 cells are the major producers of IL-17A at the early and later stages of chlamydial infection, respectively.