Goat and cow milk differ in altering the microbiota composition and neurotransmitter levels in insomnia mouse models.

Milk can improve sleep, and the effects of different animal milks vary. Accordingly, we evaluated the effectiveness of goat milk and cow milk in alleviating insomnia. The findings demonstrated that both goat milk and cow milk significantly increased the length of time that mice with insomnia slept compared to the model group and lowered the relative abundance of , -, and in these mice.

Steering from electrochemical denitrification to ammonia synthesis.

The removal of nitric oxide is an important environmental issue, as well as a necessary prerequisite for achieving high efficiency of CO electroreduction. To this end, the electrocatalytic denitrification is a sustainable route. Herein, we employ reaction phase diagram to analyze the evolution of reaction mechanisms over varying catalysts and study the potential/pH effects over Pd and Cu.

Efficient Ultrasonic-assisted Aqueous Enzymatic Method for Pecan Nut Kernel Oil Extraction with Quality Analysis.

In this study, the recovery of pecan nut kernel oil (PNKO) obtained by mechanical pressing (MP) was compared with that obtained by ultrasonic-assisted aqueous enzymatic extraction (UAAEE). At the same time, contents of substances with proven bioactivity, fatty acid compositions, physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of PNKO were also assessed. Obviously, the oil yield obtained by UAAEE (71.

Nanosized niosomes as effective delivery device to improve the stability and bioaccessibility of goat milk whey protein peptide.

This study sought to develop a nanoscale delivery system to enhance the stability and bioaccessibility of goat milk whey protein peptides. Goat milk whey protein was hydrolyzed by papain, and the hydrolysate was ultrafiltered to obtain a low molecular weight peptide (GWP, <3 kDa) with strong hypoglycemic activity. The GWP-loaded liposomes and niosomes encapsulation systems were prepared using phytosterols (ergosterol, β-sitosterol, mixed phytosterols, and stigmasterol) instead of cholesterol.

Oxygen activation on Ba-containing perovskite materials.

Oxygen activation, including oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), is at the heart of many important energy conversion processes. However, the activation mechanism of Ba-containing perovskite materials is still ambiguous, because of the complex four-electron transfer process on the gas-solid interfaces. Here, we directly observe that BaO and BaO segregated on Ba-containing material surface participate in the oxygen activation process via the formation and decomposition of BaO.

Facile synthesis of pH-responsive sodium alginate/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel beads promoted by hydrogen bond.

In this work, a novel synthesis strategy of sodium alginate/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel beads promoted by hydrogen bond was described. The beads were prepared by dropping the blends of two polymers into the citric acid solution. Besides hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions were also involved in the formation of the hydrogel beads.

Electrostatically self-assembled filamentous sodium alginate/ε-polylysine fiber with antibacterial, bioadhesion and biocompatible in suturing wound.

In the work, a novel filamentou sodium alginate (SA) /ε-polylysine (PL) fiber with excellent mechanical properties and controllable sizes is prepared in an efficient and environmentally friendly manner via continuous pulling of an electrostatically assembled SA/PL composites at the contact interface of aqueous solutions of cationic polyelectrolyte ε-PL and anionic natural polysaccharide SA. The SA/PL fiber exhibits good antibacterial activity, low cytotoxicity, anti-hemolysis, bioadhesion, and environmental friendliness due to its natural raw materials and green preparation process. In vivo experiments have shown that the SA/PL fiber can promote the healing and repair of skin wounds on the backs of mice via resistance to pathogen infection, reduction of inflammation, and anti-allogeneic allergy of the wound.

Bilosomes as effective delivery systems to improve the gastrointestinal stability and bioavailability of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG).

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has a variety of biological activities, but exhibits poor stability and low bioavailability. In this study, EGCG bilosome was prepared and characterized, and its stability during different storage conditions (pH, NaCl concentration, and temperature) and in gastrointestinal fluid was evaluated and compared with liposomes and niosomes. Among them, EGCG niosomes had the highest pH stability, and the existence of sodium cholate reduced the stability of bilosomes in acidic medium.

Is Associated with Verticillium Wilt Resistance in Cotton.

Verticillium wilt (VW) is a typical fungal disease affecting the yield and quality of cotton. The Trichome Birefringence-Like protein (TBL) is an acetyltransferase involved in the acetylation process of cell wall polysaccharides. Up to now, there are no reports on whether the gene is related to disease resistance in cotton.

Unveiling Potential Dependence in NO Electroreduction to Ammonia.

Recently, electrochemical NO reduction (eNORR) to ammonia has attracted enormous research interests due to the dual benefits in ammonia synthesis and denitrification fields. Herein, taking Ag as a model catalyst, we have developed a microkinetic model to rationalize the general selectivity trend of eNORR with varying potential, which has been observed widely in experiments, but not understood well. The model reproduces experiments well, quantitatively describing the selectivity turnover from NO to NH and from NH to H with more negative potential.

Separation of epigallocatechin gallate and epicatechin gallate from tea polyphenols by macroporous resin and crystallization.

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG) are the most abundant ester catechins of green tea polyphenols (GTPs) with numerous potential bioactivities, which have wide application prospects in the fields of medicine and functional foods. In this study, a new method using macroporous resin and crystallization was established to separate and purify EGCG and ECG. Two resins with high adsorption and desorption capacities for EGCG and ECG were screened through static adsorption/desorption tests, and the LX-20B resin was selected through column chromatography due to its best separation effect.

Three flavanols delay starch digestion by inhibiting α-amylase and binding with starch.

The study aimed to reveal the different mechanisms of delaying starch digestion by ECG, EGCG and Procyanidin based on the perspective of α-amylase-flavanol interaction and starch-flavanol interaction. The interaction characteristics of flavanols with α-amylase were studied from five aspects: enzyme inhibition, kinetics, fluorescence quenching, circular dichroism (CD) and computer simulation. The IC50 of flavanols (ECG, EGCG and Procyanidin) against α-amylase were 172.

Detection of candidate genes and development of KASP markers for Verticillium wilt resistance by combining genome-wide association study, QTL-seq and transcriptome sequencing in cotton.

Combining GWAS, QTL-seq and transcriptome sequencing detected basal defense-related genes showing gDNA sequence variation and expression difference in diverse cotton lines, which might be the molecular mechanisms of VW resistance in G. hirsutum. Verticillium wilt (VW), which is caused by the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae, is a major disease in cotton (Gossypim hirsutum) worldwide.

Screening and identifying of α-amylase inhibitors from medicine food homology plants: Insights from computational analysis and experimental studies.

There is a growing interest in screening α-amylase inhibitors from natural products for application in the development of new antidiabetic drugs or functional foods. In this study, a structure-based virtual screening was applied to rapidly identify the α-amylase inhibitors from medicine food homology (MFH) plants. Similarity search, docking & scoring were used for further filter small molecules.

Inhibitory mechanisms and interaction of tangeretin, 5-demethyltangeretin, nobiletin, and 5-demethylnobiletin from citrus peels on pancreatic lipase: Kinetics, spectroscopies, and molecular dynamics simulation.

This study aimed to reveal the interaction and inhibitory mechanisms of tangeretin (TAN), nobiletin (NBT), and their acidic hydroxylated forms, 5-demethyltangeretin (5-DT) and 5-demethylnobiletin (5-DN) on porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) using spectroscopic techniques and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. PPL inhibition assay showed that the inhibitory activity of NBT (IC value of 3.60 ± 0.

Separation of phenolics from peony flowers and their inhibitory activities and action mechanism on bacterial biofilm.

Separation and enrichment of phenolics from peony flowers were performed to improve the anti-biofilm and antibacterial activities for the first time. Through several times of separation, the purity of phenolics components increased significantly, and the anti-biofilm and antibacterial activities of phenolics components against E. coli and S.

Precursor-Engineering Coupled Microwave Molten-Salt Strategy Enhances Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Performance of g-C N Nanostructures.

A precursor-engineering strategy coupled with a microwave molten-salt process (PE-MWMS) is developed to synthesize graphitic carbon nitride (g-C N ) with an isotype triazine/heptazine-based g-C N heterojunction as a photocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under visible light illumination. Four hybrid precursor combinations-thiourea/melamine, thiourea/dicyandiamide, urea/melamine, and urea/dicyandiamide-are used to synthesize g-C N heterojunctions by the PE-MWMS process. Control experiments indicate that the precursor components and microwave treatment have a great effect on the HER performance of the g-C N samples.

Pressure-induced effects in the inorganic halide perovskite CsGeI.

Perovskite photovoltaic materials are gaining significant attention due to their excellent photovoltaic properties. In this study, density functional theory calculations were performed to investigate the structure and electronic and optical properties of CsGeI under hydrostatic strain. The results show that the band gap of CsGeI can be tuned from 0.

Polysaccharides with Antioxidative and Antiaging Activities from Enzymatic-Extractable Mycelium by (Brig.) Sing.

This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant, antiaging, and organ protective effects of the water-extractable mycelium polysaccharides (MPS) and enzymic-extractable mycelium polysaccharides (En-MPS) by (Brig.) Sing in D-galactose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice. In assays, the En-MPS demonstrated stronger antioxidant activities in dose-dependent manners.

Coupled ultrasonication-milling synthesis of hierarchically porous carbon for high-performance supercapacitor.

Activated carbon (AC) based supercapacitors exhibit intrinsic advantages in energy storage. Traditional two-step synthesis (carbonization and activation) of AC faces difficulties in precisely regulating its pore-size distribution and thoroughly removing residual impurities like silicon oxide. This paper reports a novel coupled ultrasonication-milling (CUM) process for the preparation of hierarchically porous carbon (HPC) using corn cobs as the carbon resource.

The characteristics and antioxidation of Oudemansiella radicata selenium polysaccharides on lipopolysaccharide-induced endo-toxemic mice.

The selenium polysaccharides (SPS) by Oudemansiella radicata were isolated, and two hydrolysates (enzymatic-SPS (ESPS) and acidic-SPS (ASPS)) were obtained by enzymolysis and acidolysis. The endo-toxemic-induced lung and kidney damages were successfully established by the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) injection (5 mg/kg/d). The in vivo mice experiments indicated that the ESPS showed superior antioxidant and protective effects against the LPS-toxicities by increasing the antioxidant activities, reducing lipid peroxidation, improving the inflammatory response and elevating the kidney and lung functions than SPS and ASPS.

Purification, in vitro antioxidant and in vivo anti-aging activities of soluble polysaccharides by enzyme-assisted extraction from Agaricus bisporus.

In present study, the soluble polysaccharides by enzyme-assisted extraction from Agaricus bisporus (EnAPS) and its purified fractions of EnAPS-1, -2 and -3 were successfully obtained, and the antioxidant activities and anti-aging effects were investigated. The in vitro antioxidant assay demonstrated that EnAPS-2 had superior scavenging activities on DPPH and hydroxyl radicals, chelating activities of Fe and reducing power. The in vivo animal experiments showed that both EnAPS and its purifies fractions had potential anti-aging effects against the d-galctose-induced aging diseases on liver, kidney, brain and skin, possibly by increasing the antioxidant enzymes, reducing the lipid peroxidation, improving the organ functions and remitting the lipid metabolism.

Characterization, antioxidation, anti-inflammation and renoprotection effects of selenized mycelia polysaccharides from Oudemansiella radicata.

The present work investigated the characteristics, antioxidative, anti-inflammative and renoprotective effects of mycelia selenized polysaccharides (MSPS) from Oudemansiella radicata on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced kidney damaged mice. The results demonstrated that both MSPS and mycelia polysaccharides (MPS) showed potential renoprotective effects reflecting by decreasing the serum levels of CRE, BUN and UA, increasing the nephritic enzyme activities of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT and T-AOC, reducing the activities of MPO, as well as down-regulating the contents of MDA and LPO, respectively. And the MSPS showed superior effects.