Reduced primary productivity and notable resilience of phytoplankton community in the coastal water of southern China under a marine heatwave.

Increasing frequency, intensity and duration of marine heatwaves (MHWs) are supposed to affect coastal biological production in different regions to different extents. To understand how MHWs impact coastal primary productivity and community succession of phytoplankton and assess the changes in resilience of phytoplankton communities, we conducted a mesoscale enclosure experiment simulating a MHW in the coastal water of southern China. After 8 days of the MHW (+3 °C) treatment, community biomass was significantly lower than the control's, and primary productivity per volume of water was reduced by about 56%.

Eddy impacts on abundance and habitat distribution of a large predatory squid off Peru.

The pelagic cephalopod species jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas is ecologically and economically important in the Humboldt ecosystem off Peru. This squid species is sensitive to oceanic environmental changes, and regional oceanographical variability is one of the important factors driving its redistribution. Off Peruvian waters, mesoscale eddies are ubiquitous and dominate the biogeochemical processes in this region.

Engineered DNA molecular machine for ultrasensitive detection of environmental lead pollution.

Dynamic monitoring of environmental Pb is of utmost importance for food safety and personal well-being. Herein, we report a novel, rapid, and practical fluorescence detection platform for Pb. The platform comprises two essential components: an engineered DNAzyme probe (EDP) and a responsive functionalized probe (RFP).

Integrating multi-modal information to detect spatial domains of spatial transcriptomics by graph attention network.

Recent advances in spatially resolved transcriptomic technologies have enabled unprecedented opportunities to elucidate tissue architecture and function in situ. Spatial transcriptomics can provide multimodal and complementary information simultaneously, including gene expression profiles, spatial locations, and histology images. However, most existing methods have limitations in efficiently utilizing spatial information and matched high-resolution histology images.

Thermal physiology integrated species distribution model predicts profound habitat fragmentation for estuarine fish with ocean warming.

Species distribution models predict a poleward migration for marine ectotherms with ocean warming. However, a key limitation in current species distribution models (SDM) is that they do not account for population-specific heterogeneity in physiological responses to temperature change resulting from local adaptations and acclimatization. To address this gap, we developed a novel, Physiology Integrated BioClimate Model (PIBCM) that combines habitat-specific metabolic thermal physiological tolerance of a species into a bioclimate envelope model.

Individual-based eco-evolutionary models for understanding adaptation in changing seas.

As climate change threatens species' persistence, predicting the potential for species to adapt to rapidly changing environments is imperative for the development of effective conservation strategies. Eco-evolutionary individual-based models (IBMs) can be useful tools for achieving this objective. We performed a literature review to identify studies that apply these tools in marine systems.

A Sixteen-year Decline in Dissolved Oxygen in the Central California Current.

A potential consequence of climate change is global decrease in dissolved oxygen at depth in the oceans due to changes in the balance of ventilation, mixing, respiration, and photosynthesis. We present hydrographic cruise observations of declining dissolved oxygen collected along CalCOFI Line 66.7 (Line 67) off of Monterey Bay, in the Central California Current region, and investigate likely mechanisms.

Probing an Individual Electron Spin State in a Quantum Dot with Spin Bias.

A quantum dot coupled to two electrodes with spin-dependent splitting of chemical potentials (spin bias) is proposed as a detector of an individual electron spin. Spin polarized transport properties through the quantum dot have been investigated theoretically by means of the nonequilibrium Green's function formalism. We found that the direction of current flow is dependent on the electronic spin state in quantum dot.

Persistent and energetic bottom-trapped topographic Rossby waves observed in the southern South China Sea.

Energetic fluctuations with periods of 9-14 days below a depth of 1400 m were observed in the southern South China Sea (SCS) from 5 years of direct measurements. We interpreted such fluctuations as topographic Rossby waves (TRWs) because they obey the dispersion relation. The TRWs persisted from May 24, 2009 to August 23, 2013, and their bottom current speed with a maximum of ~10 cm/s was one order of magnitude greater than the mean current and comparable to the tidal currents near the bottom.

Observed deep energetic eddies by seamount wake.

Despite numerous surface eddies are observed in the ocean, deep eddies (a type of eddies which have no footprints at the sea surface) are much less reported in the literature due to the scarcity of their observation. In this letter, from recently collected current and temperature data by mooring arrays, a deep energetic and baroclinic eddy is detected in the northwestern South China Sea (SCS) with its intensity, size, polarity and structure being characterized. It remarkably deepens isotherm at deep layers by the amplitude of ~120 m and induces a maximal velocity amplitude about 0.

Proton irradiation damage mechanism of PANDA-type polarization-maintaining optical fibers.

The effects of proton irradiation with energies of 3.5 and 5 MeV on the optical properties of PANDA (polarization-maintaining and absorption-reducing) optical fiber were investigated. The displacement and the ionization damage in the fiber induced by proton irradiation at 3.