Nutritional support during the first week for infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and respiratory distress: a multicenter cohort study in China.

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major complication affecting the survival rate and long-term outcomes of preterm infants. A large, prospective, multicenter cohort study was conducted to evaluate early nutritional support during the first week of life for preterm infants with a gestational age < 32 weeks and to verify nutritional risk factors related to BPD development.

Methods: A prospective multicenter cohort study of very preterm infants was conducted in 40 tertiary neonatal intensive care units across mainland China between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021.

Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring in Extremely Preterm Infants.

Background: The use of cerebral oximetry monitoring in the care of extremely preterm infants is increasing. However, evidence that its use improves clinical outcomes is lacking.

Methods: In this randomized, phase 3 trial conducted at 70 sites in 17 countries, we assigned extremely preterm infants (gestational age, <28 weeks), within 6 hours after birth, to receive treatment guided by cerebral oximetry monitoring for the first 72 hours after birth or to receive usual care.

Incidence and risk factors of hearing loss in patients with Turner Syndrome.

Background: Hearing loss (HL) is one of the main medical complications for Turner Syndrome (TS) patients, with an earlier presentation and higher incidence than normal women. However, the etiology of HL in TS is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the hearing status of TS patients in China and the influencing factors, so as to provide a theoretical basis for early intervention treatment for TS patients with HL.

Alteration of the gut microbiota after surgery in preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis.

Purpose: To investigate the dynamic changes in the intestinal microbiota in preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) before and after treatment a prospective case-control study.

Methods: Preterm infants with NEC and preterm infants with similar age and weight (control group) were enrolled in this study. They were divided into NEC_Onset (diagnosis time), NEC_Refeed (refeed time), NEC_FullEn (full enteral nutrition time), Control_Onset, and Control_FullEn groups according to the time of the fecal material collected.

Home oxygen use and 1-year outcome among preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia discharged from a Chinese regional NICU.

Objective: This study aims to compare the clinical characteristics and 1-year outcomes of preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) who were discharged on supplemental oxygen or room air.

Materials And Methods: The preterm infants (born <32 weeks' gestation, birth weight ≤1,250 g) diagnosed with BPD and admitted between January 2020 and December 2020 were enrolled. The clinical data during hospitalization were collected through the hospital's electronic record system.

Microstructural Alterations in Projection and Association Fibers in Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia.

Background: Diffusion MRI (dMRI) is known to be sensitive to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). However, existing dMRI studies used simple diffusion tensor metrics and focused only on a few selected cerebral regions, which cannot provide a comprehensive picture of microstructural injury.

Purpose: To systematically characterize the microstructural alterations in mild, moderate, and severe HIE neonates compared to healthy neonates with advanced dMRI using region of interest (ROI), tract, and fixel-based analyses.

Value of bedside echocardiography in predicting persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus during the early postnatal period in very low birth weight infants.

Objectives: To study the value of bedside echocardiography in predicting persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus during the early postnatal period in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for 51 VLBW infants who were admitted from March 2020 to June 2021, with an age of ≤3 days and a length of hospital stay of ≥14 days. According to the diameter of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) on days 14 and 28 after birth, the infants were divided into three groups: large PDA group (PDA diameter ≥2 mm), small PDA group (PDA diameter <2 mm), and PDA closure group (PDA diameter =0 mm).

[Dyspnea and situs inversus in a boy aged 3 days].

A boy was admitted on day 3 after birth due to shortness of breath for 2 days and cyanosis for 1 day. He had clinical manifestations of dyspnea in the early postnatal period and situs inversus, and was finally diagnosed with Kartagener syndrome. His condition was improved after oxygen therapy, anti-infective therapy, and aerosol therapy.

Effects of Psychosomatic Mutual Aid Treatment on Anxiety and Depression in Turner Syndrome.

Turner syndrome (TS) affects approximately one out of 2,500 females. Previous research indicates that girls with TS experience psychosocial impairment in addition to their physical health issues. However, there is no current data demonstrating whether reducing the clinical symptoms of girls or women with TS through hormone replacement therapy (HRT) combined with psychological interventions, referred to as psychosomatic mutual aid treatment (PMAT), improves physical and psychological self-identification, so that psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, social loneliness, and psychological resilience are improved.

[Clinical effect of multi-oil fat emulsion for parenteral nutrition support in extremely low birth weight infants].

Objective: To study the clinical effect of multi-oil fat emulsion for parenteral nutrition support in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for 49 ELBW infants who were admitted from January 1, 2018 to July 30, 2020, with an age of ≤14 days on admission and a duration of parenteral nutrition of > 14 days. According to the type of lipid emulsion received, the ELBW infants were divided into two groups: soybean oil, medium-chain triglycerides, olive oil, and fish oil (SMOF) (=26) and medium-chain triglycerides/long-chain triglycerides (MCT/LCT) (=23).

Reference values and the effect of clinical parameters on thyroid hormone levels during early pregnancy.

Objective: Thyroid dysfunction is a common endocrine problem during pregnancy; correct diagnosis and appropriate treatments are essential to avoid adverse pregnancy outcomes. Besides, it is vital to identify and quantify the major risk factors for gestational thyroid dysfunction, including thyroid autoimmunity, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) concentration, body mass index (BMI) and parity. The study objective was to establish reference ranges during early pregnancy and to explore the relationship between risk factors and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyroxine (FT3).

[Long-term prognosis of neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis].

Objective: To investigate the long-term prognosis of neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

Methods: A total of 83 preterm infants with NEC who survived and were discharged between December 2014 and September 2016 were enrolled and divided into surgery group (n=57) and non-surgery group (n=26). There were 0, 33 and 24 cases of stage I, II and III NEC respectively in the surgery group and 7, 19 and 0 cases respectively in the non-surgery group.

Clinical characteristic comparison of low birth weight and very low birth weight preterm infants with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: a single tertiary center experience from eastern China.

Purpose: This study aims to understand the clinical characteristics of preterm neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) to improve the medical management level.

Methods: The clinical characteristics of preterm NEC infants with low birth weight (LBW, ≥ 1500 g) and very low birth weight (VLBW, < 1500 g) were compared. Then, clinical information, including demographics, surgical interventions and morbidity, were collected.

Rapamycin therapy for neonatal tuberous sclerosis complex with cardiac rhabdomyomas: A case report and review.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease that varies greatly in its expression. The current study reports a novel case of TSC caused by a TSC2 mutation ( or ), in which multiple cardiac rhabdomyomas were detected by fetal echocardiography in week 31 of pregnancy. The infant was delivered successfully; however, seizures began 16 days following birth.

[Factors influencing the prognosis of patent ductus arteriosus in very low birth weight infants].

Objective: To investigate the factors influencing the prognosis of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.

Methods: A total of 194 VLBW infants who were admitted from January 2012 to December 2014 were enrolled as study subjects. According to cardiac ultrasound findings and treatment outcome, these infants were divided into non-PDA group, spontaneous closure group, pharmaceutical closure group, and surgical closure group.

Evaluation of cerebral function in high risk term infants by using a scoring system based on aEEG.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the amplitude integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) findings and neurodevelopmental outcomes of high-risk term infants with neurological disorders and develop a scoring system for assessment of the cerebral function.

Methods: The neurological outcome was assessed at 12- to 18-month of age by using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II. Valuation of the classification of aEEG background pattern, epileptic electrical activity and sleep-weak cycle (SWC) was conducted to develop a new scoring system.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in Chinese children: a retrospective study of age-specific prevalence.

Background: Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a globally prevalent herpesvirus associated with infectious mononucleosis and many malignancies. The survey on EBV prevalence appears to be important to study EBV-related diseases and determine when to administer prophylactic vaccine. The purpose of this retrospective study was to collect baseline information about the prevalence of EBV infection in Chinese children.

[Diagnostic value of amplitude-integrated electroencephalography in predicting outcome of newborn patients in neonatal intensive care unit].

Objective: To assess the diagnostic value of amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) in predicting outcome of newborns who were at high risk for central nervous system without severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Methods: Forty-two consecutive patients at risks for neurological disorders referred to our level-III NICU were prospectively enrolled in the study over a period of 3 years. They were classified on the basis of their primary diagnoses including hypoglycemic brain damage, meningoencephalitis, bilirubin encephalopathy, and metabolic disease.

[Application of neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome].

Objective: To observe the effects of neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) on the patient-ventilator synchrony, gas exchange, and ventilatory parameters in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) during mechanical ventilation.

Methods: Ten preterm infants with RDS received mechanical ventilation in NAVA mode for 60 minutes and in synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) mode for 60 minutes, and the two modes were given in a random order. The vital signs, patient-ventilator synchrony, blood gas values, and ventilatory parameters were compared between the two ventilation modes.

[Infantile polycystic kidney disease: a case report and literature review].

Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatments and outcomes of perinatal autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease.

Methods: The clinical data of one case with infantile polycystic kidney disease diagnosed in perinatal stage and the reports of 11 cases seen in the past 15 years searched in Pubmed, OVID and Elsevier and CNKI, Wanfang database by using the polycystic kidney disease, infant, perinatal, autosomal recessive and case report as keyword were reviewed and analyzed.

Results: The infant was characterized by huge kidneys, severe respiratory and renal compromise.

[Predicting outcome in necrotizing enterocolitis with the score for neonatal acute physiology: a retrospective study of 62 cases].

Objective: To explore the value of the score for neonatal acute physiology (score for neonatal acute physiology, SNAP) in predicting outcome and risk of surgery of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

Method: A total of 62 NEC patients in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Zhejiang University Children's Hospital were reviewed from October 2001 to October 2011. All the patients were classified into surgery group and non-surgery group according to whether the patient had the surgical intervention.

[Amplitude-integrated electroencephalographic changes in neonates with acute bilirubin encephalopathy].

Objective: To characterize amplitude-integrated electroencephalo graphic (aEEG) traces in neonates with acute bilirubin encephalopathy (ABE), explore the value of aEEG in early diagnosis and prediction of neurological outcome of ABE.

Method: aEEG records of 10 cases with ABE (Oct 2009-Nov 2011) were reviewed to identify neonates with a diagnosis of ABE. Clinical data were collected.

[Infant Neurological International Battery predicts neurological outcomes of preterm infants discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit].

Objective: To explore the Infant Neurological International Battery (Infanib) as a screening tool for early detection of gross motor developmental delay in preterm infants discharged from NICU, and to predict their later neuromotor dysfunction (cerebral palsy or motor retardation).

Methods: A cohort of preterm infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit between June 2008 and March 2010 were enrolled in the study. Infanib assessment was performed at corrected age 3-4 months and 6-7 months.

[Clinical analysis of surgical intervention in the treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates].

Objective: To evaluate the high-risk factors, prognostic factors, and operation time for surgical intervention in the treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonates.

Methods: Sixty-two NEC neonates who received treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit from October 2001 to October 2011 were enrolled. Patients were assigned to surgery (n=20) and non-surgery groups (n=42).