Inhibition of Candida albicans virulence by moscatin from Dendrobium nobile lindl.

Candida albicans infection poses a significant global health threat. It is imperative to exploit new antifungal agents against C. albicans infections without leading to drug resistance, so that these potential agents can complement or combine with current medications to effectively treat diseases caused by C.

Lesions of the lateral habenula excite dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area and serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe nuclei in hemiparkinsonian rats.

The lateral habenula (LHb) projects to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN) that deliver dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) to cortical and limbic regions such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampus and basolateral amygdala (BLA). Dysfunctions of VTA-related mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic and DRN-related serotonergic systems contribute to non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, how the LHb affects the VTA and DRN in PD remains unclear.

Troxerutin dampened hypothalamic neuroinflammation via microglial IL-22/IL-22R1/IRF3 activation in dihydrotestosterone-induced polycystic ovary syndrome rats.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive-endocrine condition in premenopausal women. Troxerutin, a common clinical anti-coagulant agent, was shown to work as a strong IL-22 boosting agent counteracting the hyperactivated gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and heightened GnRH release, the neuroendocrine origin of PCOS with unknown mechanism in rats. Exploring the off-label use of troxerutin medication for PCOS is thus sorely needed.

Spatiotemporal gait parameter fluctuations in older adults affected by mild cognitive impairment: comparisons among three cognitive dual-task tests.

Backgrounds: Gait disorder is associated with cognitive functional impairment, and this disturbance is more pronouncedly when performing additional cognitive tasks. Our study aimed to characterize gait disorders in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) under three dual tasks and determine the association between gait performance and cognitive function.

Methods: A total of 260 participants were enrolled in this cross-sectional study and divided into MCI and cognitively normal control.

Evaluation of Steaming and Drying of Black Sesame Seeds for Nine Cycles Using Grey-Correlation Analysis Based on Variation-Coefficient Weight.

This study aimed to improve the steaming process of black sesame seeds. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted using the grey-correlation method based on the variation-coefficient weight to observe the treatments of normal-pressure (NPS) and high-pressure (HPS) steaming (with/without soaking in water) for nine cycles. Their effects on the contents of water, protein, fat, ash, melanin, sesamin, and sesamolin of black sesame seeds, as well as the sensory score of the black sesame pill, were determined.

Basic Characterization of Natural Transformation in Avibacterium paragallinarum.

Avibacterium paragallinarum is the pathogen involved in infectious coryza (IC), an acute infectious upper respiratory disease in chickens. The prevalence of IC has increased in China in recent years. There is a lack of reliable and effective procedures for gene manipulation, which has limited the research on the bacterial genetics and pathogenesis of A.

A 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid-Mediated Signaling System Controls the Physiology and Virulence of Shigella sonnei.

Many bacteria use small molecules, such as quorum sensing (QS) signals, to perform intraspecies signaling and interspecies or interkingdom communication. Previous studies demonstrated that some bacteria regulate their physiology and pathogenicity by employing 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA). Here, we report that 4-HBA controls biological functions, virulence, and anthranilic acid production in Shigella sonnei.

Olfactory function changes and the predictive performance of the Chinese Smell Identification Test in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.

Objectives: Olfactory disorder is one of the sensory features that reflects a decline in cognitive function. However, olfactory changes and the discernibility of smell testing in the aging population have yet to be fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the Chinese Smell Identification Test (CSIT) in distinguishing individuals with cognitive decline from those with normal aging and to determine whether the patients with MCI and AD show changes in their olfactory identification abilities.

Elongation factor P modulates physiology and virulence as a cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate effector.

Cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is widely used by bacteria to control biological functions in response to diverse signals or cues. A previous study showed that potential c-di-GMP metabolic enzymes play a role in the regulation of biofilm formation and motility in . However, it was unclear whether and how cells use c-di-GMP signaling to modulate biological functions.

The Protective Efficacy of an Inactivated Vaccine against Field Isolates.

Infectious coryza (IC) is an acute respiratory disease caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum (Av. paragallinarum). In recent years, there have been frequent outbreaks of IC in chickens vaccinated with an inactivated vaccine, causing huge losses to the poultry industry.

Troxerutin attenuates insulin resistance via pancreatic IL-22/JAK1/STAT3 signaling activation in dihydrotestosterone-induced polycystic ovary syndrome rats.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an extremely common endocrine-metabolic disorder and the main cause of infertility in premenopausal women, thus targeted treatments are sorely needed. Accumulative evidence showed that exogenous supplementation of IL-22 in PCOS mice may be of significant positive effect on insulin resistance (IR), a root causative factor for this condition, but much remained unknown about its mechanism. According to our previous study, troxerutin, a common anticoagulant and thrombolytic agent in clinic, alleviated various PCOS-like phenotypes in dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated rat model with unclear mechanism.

Dopamine D receptors in the lateral habenula regulate depression-related behaviors via a pre-synaptic mechanism in experimental Parkinson's disease.

Although multiple studies report that unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in rats induce depressive-like behaviors and hyperactivity of the lateral habenula (LHb), effects of dopamine (DA) D receptors in the LHb on depressive-like behaviors are unclear. Here we found that intra-LHb injection of the different doses of D receptor agonist A412997 and antagonist L741742 produced the different behavioral responses in SNc sham-lesioned rats, and only the high doses of A412997 and L741742 increased the expression of depressive-like behaviors or produced antidepressant-like effects in SNc-lesioned rats. The low doses of A412997 and L741742 altered the firing rate of LHb neurons and release of DA, GABA and glutamate in the LHb via the GABAergic rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) in SNc sham-lesioned rats, but not in SNc-lesioned rats.

Use of everolimus in liver transplantation.

In recent years, the use of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors has gained traction in their use as alternative or adjunct immunosuppressants in the post-liver transplantation (LT) setting. The efficacy of everolimus (EVR) in de novo LT is established and a reasonable time to initiate EVR is 30 d from LT surgery. Initiating EVR early post-LT allows for calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) reduction, thus reducing nephrotoxicity in LT recipients.

Serotonin₆ receptors in the dorsal hippocampus regulate depressive-like behaviors in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned Parkinson's rats.

Preclinical studies indicate both activation and blockade of serotonin6 (5-HT6) receptors may produce antidepressant-like effects. Depression is a common symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD); however, its pathophysiology is unclear. Here we examined whether 5-HT6 receptors in the dorsal hippocampus (DH) involve in the regulation of PD-associated depression.

Spectroscopic evidence for the unusual stereochemical configuration of an endosome-specific lipid.

At a glance: The stereochemical configuration of the diglycerophosphate backbone of the endosome-specific lipid bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP, see picture) was determined by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Enantiomeric discrimination was facilitated by introduction of D-camphor ketals as chiral shift reagents, and enantiopure synthetic BMP analogues were prepared as reference materials. Natural BMP exhibited the unusual sn-1,1' diglycerophosphate backbone.

Care of the liver transplant candidate.

Care of the liver transplant candidate is one of the most challenging, yet rewarding aspects of hepatology. Anticipation and intervention for the major complications of advanced liver disease increase the likelihood of survival until transplant.

Liver transplantation in an adult with citrullinaemia type 2.

Citrullinaemia is a urea cycle defect that results from a deficiency of the enzyme arginosuccinate synthetase. Type 1 disease is diagnosed in childhood, whereas Type 2 disease is adult onset. We report the outcome of a patient with citrullinemia Type 2 who received a liver transplant at our center and the implications of this diagnosis in liver transplantation.

Management of chronic hepatitis B.

Chronic hepatitis B continues to be a major global health burden. It accounts for a substantial impact on health care resources and finances in many parts of the world including Europe. Natural history and disease spectrum are varied, depending on when and how the infection is acquired.

Chronic hepatitis e infection resulting in graft failure in a liver transplant tourist.

Hepatitis E, usually an acute hepatitis in the immunocompetent, has a chronic form described in immunocompromised hosts. We report the clinical course and outcome of an adult liver transplant recipient whose posttransplant period was complicated by chronic hepatitis E, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and cellular rejection of the graft.

Management of end-stage liver disease in chronic hepatitis B.

The consequences of chronic hepatitis B virus infection include hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis. Effective antiviral therapy in patients with hepatitis B with advanced liver disease with viral suppression and sustained HBeAg seroconversion (where applicable) may abort hepatic decompensation, diminish hepatocellular risk, and reduce the risk of viral recurrence after transplantation. Overt hepatic decompensation is an indication for referral to a transplant center.

Kupffer cell activation by ambient air particulate matter exposure may exacerbate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Owing to increased obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most prevalent liver disease in the United States. NAFLD is considered a component of metabolic syndrome, a cluster of disorders that also includes diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, arteriosclerosis, and hypertension. Exposure to ambient air particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters < 2.