Metabolomics and machine learning approaches for diagnostic biomarkers screening in systemic light chain amyloidosis.

Delayed diagnosis of systemic light chain (AL) amyloidosis is common and associated with worse survival and early mortality. Current diagnosis still relies on invasive tissue biopsies, highlighting the need for sensitive, noninvasive biomarkers for early diagnosis. This study aims to identify promising biomarkers for the early diagnosis of AL amyloidosis.

Knockout of the gene in zebrafish causes neurodevelopmental defects.

Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a cluster of monogenic disorders resulting from defects in glycosylation. encodes fucokinase, an enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of L-fucose to generate fucose-1-phosphate, an important step in fucosylation. Mutations in lead to CDG with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, primarily manifesting as developmental delay, hypotonia, and brain abnormalities.

Study on the Material Basis and Mechanisms of in the Treatment of Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology and Spatial Metabolomics.

have good therapeutic effects on nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, it is still challenging to elucidate the active ingredients and mechanism of action due to their complex chemical composition. To address this, we innovatively combined network pharmacology with spatial metabolomics to comprehensively investigate the active components and the action mechanism in the present study.

Engineering of SauriCas9 with enhanced specificity.

SauriCas9 is a compact Cas9 nuclease showing promise for therapeutic applications. However, concerns about off-target effects necessitated improvements in specificity. We addressed this by introducing mutations to eliminate polar contacts between Cas9 and the target DNA, resulting in the SauriCas9-R253A variant with enhanced specificity.

Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate idiopathic pneumonia syndrome by facilitating M2 polarization via CCL2/CCR2 axis and further inducing formation of regulatory CCR2 + CD4 + T cells.

Background: Our previous study revealed that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can secrete large amounts of the chemokine CCL2 under inflammatory conditions and alleviate idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS) by promoting regulatory CCR2 + CD4 + T-cell formation through the CCL2‒CCR2 axis. Given the abundance of macrophages in lung tissue, how these macrophages are regulated by MSC-based prophylaxis via IPS and their interactions with T cells in lung tissue during allo-HSCT are still not fully understood.

Methods: An IPS mouse model was established, and MSC-based prophylaxis was administered.

[Screening and Preliminary Validation of Multiple Myeloma Specific Proteins].

Objective: To screen novel diagnostic marker or therapeutic target for multiple myeloma (MM).

Methods: and were identified by bioinformatics method based on GEO database as high expression genes in MM. Their RNA and protein expression levels in bone marrow mononuclear cells from myeloma cell lines U266, NCI-H929, MM.

Mass Spectrometry Imaging Reveals the In Situ Distribution and Metabolic Effects of Fullerenes.

Fullerene-based nanoparticles have been extensively developed and applied in biological immunotherapy due to their unique immunomodulatory properties. However, current methods for investigating their biodistribution predominantly rely on fluorescent labeling, which limits our understanding of the true biodistribution of fullerenes at both organ and suborgan levels, as well as their impact on organ-specific metabolism. In this study, we utilized laser desorption ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging to achieve simultaneous in vivo mapping of fullerenes and their associated metabolites.

Mass Spectrometry Imaging Unveils the Metabolic Effect of 6PPD-Quinone in Exposed Mice.

-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-'-phenyl--phenylenediamine quinone (6PPD-Q) has gained widespread attention as an emerging significant environmental contaminant, but its biochemical toxicity in mammals remains inadequately explored. In this study, the systemic toxicological effects of 6PPD-Q in mouse models exposed to both high and low doses were investigated. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) was applied to evaluate its effects on major organs, including the liver, kidneys, spleen, and testes.

Preparation of 6-gingerol loaded chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol active films and applications in the preservation of grouper fillets.

The limited shelf-life and vulnerability to microbial contamination of grouper fillets pose a pressing challenge. 6-gingerol exhibits both antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, which have the potential for application in food preservation. This study aimed to assess the antibacterial effect of 6-gingerol, prepare a 6-gingerol loaded CS/PVA active films, and evaluate the preservation effect on grouper fillets.

Urolithin B Promotes Meniscal Regeneration and Prevents the Development of Osteoarthritis in Mice.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent arthritis types globally, with the knee being particularly susceptible due to its frequent and strenuous use. Urolithin B (UB) exhibits various biological properties, with meniscal repair playing an important role in preventing knee OA. This study aimed to explore the impact of UB on meniscal regeneration and OA progression.

Chemoselective and laser cleavable probes for protein lipoylation detection by laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.

Protein lipoylation is a post-translational modification (PTM) of great significance as the lipoylation sites have essential effects on the enzymatic activities of several protein complexes, which affect the biological metabolic pathways and are further related to some diseases, such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease. While proteomic identification of lipoylated proteins has been studied, profiling of protein lipoylation with high sensitivity remains challenging. Herein, we developed a strategy for analysis of protein lipoylation by laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (LDI-MS).

Enhanced genome editing with a Streptococcus equinus Cas9.

A large number of SpCas9 orthologs has been computationally identified, but their genome editing potential remains largely unknown. In this study, a GFP-activation assay was used to screen a panel of 18 SpCas9 orthologs, ten of which demonstrated activity in human cells. Notably, these orthologs had a preference for purine-rich PAM sequences.

Observation of Λ_{c}^{+}→Λa_{0}(980)^{+} and Evidence for Σ(1380)^{+} in Λ_{c}^{+}→Λπ^{+}η.

Based on 6.1  fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} annihilation data collected at center-of-mass energies from 4.600 to 4.

Test of Lepton Universality and Measurement of the Form Factors of D^{0}→K^{*}(892)^{-}μ^{+}ν_{μ}.

One of the main goals of studying semileptonic decays in flavor physics is to gain a better understanding of hadronic transitions in the nonperturbative region of Quantum Chromodynamics. This involves measuring Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements, understanding form factors, and comparing them with theoretical predictions. We report a first study of the semileptonic decay D^{0}→K^{-}π^{0}μ^{+}ν_{μ} by analyzing an e^{+}e^{-} annihilation data sample of 7.

Study of D_{s}^{+}→f_{0}(980)ρ^{+} and ϕπ^{+} Decays through D_{s}^{+}→π^{+}π^{+}π^{-}π^{0}.

We perform the first amplitude analysis of D_{s}^{+}→π^{+}π^{+}π^{-}π^{0} decays based on data samples of electron-positron collisions recorded with the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4.128 and 4.226 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7.

Precise Measurement of the e^{+}e^{-}→D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} Cross Section at Center-of-Mass Energies from Threshold to 4.95 GeV.

Using the e^{+}e^{-} collision data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, at center-of-mass energies from the threshold to 4.95 GeV, we present precise measurements of the cross section for the process e^{+}e^{-}→D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} using a single-tag method. The resulting cross section line shape exhibits several new structures, thereby offering an input for a future coupled-channel analysis and model tests, which are critical to understand vector charmonium-like states with masses between 4 and 5 GeV.

Open-source implementation of polarisation-resolved single-shot differential phase contrast microscopy () on a modular -based microscope.

We recently demonstrated polarisation differential phase contrast microscopy () as a robust, low-cost single-shot implementation of (semi)quantitative phase imaging based on differential phase microscopy. utilises a polarisation-sensitive camera to simultaneously acquire four obliquely transilluminated images from which phase images mapping spatial variation of optical path difference can be calculated. microscopy can be implemented on existing or bespoke microscopes and can utilise radiation at a wide range of visible to near infrared wavelengths and so is straightforward to integrate with fluorescence microscopy.

Reductive Adjuvant Nanosystem for Alleviated Atopic Dermatitis Syndromes.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a recurrent and chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by a high lifetime prevalence and significant impairment of patients' quality of life, primarily due to intense itching and discomfort. However, current pharmacological interventions provide only moderate efficacy and are frequently accompanied by adverse side effects. The immune-pathogenesis of AD involves dysregulation of the Th2 immune response and exacerbation of inflammation related to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Saponins enhance the stability and cost-efficiency of human embryonic stem cell culture.

The cultivation and differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into organoids are crucial for advancing of new drug development and personalized cell therapies. Despite establishing of chemically defined hESC culture media over the past decade, these media's reliance on growth factors, which are costly and prone to degradation, poses a challenge for sustained and stable cell culture. Here, we introduce an hESC culture system(E6Bs) that facilitates the long-term, genetically stable expansion of hESCs, enabling cells to consistently sustain high levels of pluripotency markers, including NANOG, SOX2, TRA-1-60, and SSEA4, across extended periods.

Development of quantitative structure property relationship models and tool for predicting the soil adsorption coefficient (logK).

The soils/sediments organic carbon sorption coefficient (K) of organic substances is one of the indispensable environmental behavioral parameters in chemicals management. Because the test procedure used to measure K is normally expensive and time-consuming, predictive methods are considered vitally important technology to fill the data gap of K. In this study, quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models are developed using a data set with 1477 experimental logK values and seven typical machine learning algorithms.

Insight into photocatalytic CO reduction on TiO-supported Cu nanorods: a DFT study on the reaction mechanism and selectivity.

Photoreduction of CO into hydrocarbons is a potential strategy for reducing atmospheric CO and effectively utilizing carbon resources. Cu-deposited TiO photocatalysts stand out in this area due to their good photocatalytic activity and potential methanol selectivity. However, the underlying mechanism and factors controlling product selectivity remain less understood.

R(3780) Resonance Interpreted as the 1^{3}D_{1}-Wave Dominant State of Charmonium from Precise Measurements of the Cross Section of e^{+}e^{-}→Hadrons.

We report the precise measurements of the cross section of e^{+}e^{-}→hadrons at center-of-mass energies from 3.645 to 3.871 GeV.

Drug inhibition and substrate transport mechanisms of human VMAT2.

Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) is crucial for packaging monoamine neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles, with their dysregulation linked to schizophrenia, mood disorders, and Parkinson's disease. Tetrabenazine (TBZ) and valbenazine (VBZ), both FDA-approved VMAT2 inhibitors, are employed to treat chorea and tardive dyskinesia (TD). Our study presents the structures of VMAT2 bound to substrates serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA), as well as the inhibitors TBZ and VBZ.

Personalized Human Astrocyte-Derived Region-Specific Forebrain Organoids Recapitulate Endogenous Pathological Features of Focal Cortical Dysplasia.

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental malformation, the underlying mechanisms of which remain largely elusive. In this study, personalized dorsal and ventral forebrain organoids (DFOs/VFOs) are generated derived from brain astrocytes of patients with FCD type II (FCD II). The pathological features of dysmorphic neurons, balloon cells, and astrogliosis are successfully replicated in patient-derived DFOs, but not in VFOs.