A hierarchical residual correction-based hyperspectral inversion method for soil heavy metals considering spatial heterogeneity.

Promising hyperspectral remote sensing exhibits substantial potential in monitoring soil heavy metal (SHM) contamination. Nevertheless, the local spatial perturbation effects induced by environmental factors introduce considerable variability in SHM distribution. This engenders non-stationary relationship between SHM concentrations and spectral reflectance, posing challenges for accurate inversion of SHM globally.

Lethal effects of tea-oil Camellia on honeybee larvae due to pollen toxicity.

Toxicity tests on tea-oil Camellia flowers (Camellia oleifera) indicated that its pollen harmed honeybee larvae significantly more than pollen from oilseed rape (Brassica napus) flowers. The C. oleifera pollen contained high levels of the toxic triterpenoid theasaponin, which was undetectable in nectar.

A remote sensing analysis method for soil heavy metal pollution sources at site scale considering source-sink relationships.

Conventional methods for identifying soil heavy metal (HM) pollution sources are limited to area scale, failing to accurately pinpoint sources at specific sites due to the spatial heterogeneity of HMs in mining areas. Furthermore, these methods primarily focus on existing solid waste polluted dumps, defined as "direct pollution sources", while neglecting existing HM pollution hotspots generated by historical anthropogenic activities (e.g.

Spatiotemporal analysis of national carbon emission and regional carbon simulation in China.

Land use and land cover (LULC) will cause large flows of carbon sources and sinks. As the world's largest carbon emitter with a complicated LULC, China's carbon emissions have profound implications for its ecological environment and future development. In this paper, we account for the land-use changes and carbon emissions of 30 Chinese provinces and cities in China from 2000 to 2020.

Contribution of land use and cover change (LUCC) to the global terrestrial carbon uptake.

Terrestrial carbon uptake is critical to the removal of greenhouse gases and mitigation of global warming, which are closely related to land use and cover change (LUCC). However, understanding terrestrial carbon uptake and the LUCC contribution remains unclear because of complex interactions with other drivers (particularly climate change). By proposing an innovative approach of "trajectory analysis", this study aimed to isolate the LUCC contribution to terrestrial carbon uptake over different scales.

[Simulation of PM Concentration Based on Optimized Indexes of 2D/3D Urban Form].

It is well known that urban forms can affect the source distribution and diffusion process of air pollution; however, practical quantitative methods and models on alleviating urban air pollution by optimizing urban form indexes are lacking. Using Chang Sha city as an example, we quantitatively analyzed the PM concentration distribution in terms of 2D/3D urban form indexes (e.g.

High-Coverage Reconstruction of XCO Using Multisource Satellite Remote Sensing Data in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region.

The extreme climate caused by global warming has had a great impact on the earth's ecology. As the main greenhouse gas, atmospheric CO concentration change and its spatial distribution are among the main uncertain factors in climate change assessment. Remote sensing satellites can obtain changes in CO concentration in the global atmosphere.

Regio- and Chemoselective Copper-Catalyzed Formal [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Primary Amines with Arylacetylenes to 2,4,5-Trisubstituted Pyridines.

Disclosed herein is an efficient strategy for the synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted pyridines via CuI/NBS-catalyzed formal intermolecular [2+2+2] cycloaddition of easily available primary amines and nonactivated terminal alkynes. Moreover, this given reaction features a new mode of cycloaddition with high regio- and chemoselectivity, good atom- and step-economy, broad substrate scope, and wide functional group compatibility. Further mechanism studies indicate that this transformation starts with oxidative alkynylation of the amine to form a propargylamine intermediate, followed by radical addition to the alkyne and intramolecular cycloaddition, delivering the pharmacologically interesting multisubstituted pyridines.

Features and Colonization Strategies of in the Gut of .

The complex gut microbiome is a malleable microbial community that can undergo remodeling in response to many factors, including the gut environment and microbial properties. has emerged as one of the predominant gut commensal bacterial and plays a fundamental role in the host physiology and health of the major economic agricultural insect, Although extensive research on gut structure and microbiome diversity has been carried out, how these microbial consortia are established in multifarious niches within the gut has not been well characterized to date. Here, an species that was stably associated with its host, the model organism , was identified in the larval gut.

The gut commensal bacterium Enterococcus faecalis LX10 contributes to defending against Nosema bombycis infection in Bombyx mori.

Background: Microsporidia, a group of obligate intracellular fungal-related parasites, have been used as efficient biocontrol agents for agriculture and forestry pests due to their host specificity and transovarial transmission. They mainly infect insect pests through the intestinal tract, but the interactions between microsporidia and the gut microbiota of the host have not been well demonstrated.

Results: Based on the microsporidia-Bombyx mori model, we report that the susceptibility of silkworms to exposure to the microsporidium Nosema bombycis was both dose and time dependent.

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of CuO for visible light-driven dye degradation by carbon quantum dots.

Cuprous oxide (CuO), a p-type semiconductor material, plays an important role in photocatalysis, which has narrower band gap (~2.1 eV), abundant availability, and low toxicity. However, the applications of CuO are mainly restricted by its high recombination rate and low charge collection.

Efforts in reducing air pollution exposure risk in China: State versus individuals.

China has made great efforts towards air pollutant concentration control during the past five years, which has led to positive outcomes. However, air pollutant concentration focused efforts were considered separately from human exposure risk. And this might result in a misunderstanding that reducing exposure risk can only rely on the national level measures of air pollutant control.

Multisource spectral-integrated estimation of cadmium concentrations in soil using a direct standardization and Spiking algorithm.

Benefiting from the advantages of a wide spatial sampling range and strong continuity, hyperspectral analysis provides a potential way to detect heavy metals in soil. However, it is still a great challenge to identify the spectral response characteristics of heavy metals from naturally polluted soil samples. This paper innovatively produces near standard soil samples for exploring the exact spectral response of cadmium (Cd) in soil and presents a novel method by combining the direct standardization (DS) and Spiking algorithms for integrating multisource spectra to improve the accuracy of Cd concentration estimation.

Gut microbiota metabolic potential correlates with body size between mulberry-feeding lepidopteran pest species.

Background: Many insect pests rely on microbial symbionts to obtain nutrients or for defence, thereby allowing them to exploit novel food sources and degrade environmental xenobiotics, including pesticides. Although Lepidoptera is one of the most diverse insect taxa and includes important agricultural pests, lepidopteran microbiotas, particularly functional traits, have not been studied widely. Here, we provide a comprehensive characterization of the gut microbiota across multiple mulberry-feeding lepidopteran species, resolving both community structure and metabolic potential.

A greening world enhances the surface-air temperature difference.

The surface-air temperature difference (Ts-Ta) is a critical variable for tracking climatic and environmental change. Vegetation has unavoidably affected the temperature by altering surface properties, while the magnitude of this effect has remained unknown. This study aimed to investigate the patterns of global Ts-Ta and quantify the contribution of vegetation change.

Effects of Medical Insurance on the Health Status and Life Satisfaction of the Elderly.

Background: Population aging has become increasingly serious in China. The demand for medical insurance of the elderly is increasing, and their health status and life satisfaction are becoming significant issues. This study investigates the effects of medical insurance on the health status and life satisfaction of the elderly.

Individual contributions of climate and vegetation change to soil moisture trends across multiple spatial scales.

Climate and vegetation change are two dominating factors for soil moisture trend. However, their individual contributions remain unknown due to their complex interaction. Here, I separated their contributions through a trajectory-based method across the global, regional and local scales.

Global land moisture trends: drier in dry and wetter in wet over land.

The "dry gets drier, wet gets wetter" (DGDWGW) paradigm is widely accepted in global moisture change. However, Greve et al. have declared that this paradigm has been overestimated.

Mitochondrial genome of Babesia orientalis, apicomplexan parasite of water buffalo (Bubalus babalis, Linnaeus, 1758) endemic in China.

Background: Apicomplexan parasites of the genus Babesia, Theileria and Plasmodium are very closely related organisms. Interestingly, their mitochondrial (mt) genomes are highly divergent. Among Babesia, Babesia orientalis is a new species recently identified and specifically epidemic to the southern part of China, causing severe disease to water buffalo.

Occurrence of Theileria and Babesia species in water buffalo (Bubalus babalis, Linnaeus, 1758) in the Hubei province, South China.

The presence and prevalence of tick-borne haemoparasites in water buffalo from the Hubei province, south China was investigated using the reverse line blot (RLB) hybridization assay and phylogenetic analysis of the parasite 18S rRNA gene. Theileria buffeli (19.1%) was the most frequently found species in all of the locations, followed by Babesia orientalis (8.

Development and evaluation of real-time PCR assay for the detection of Babesia orientalis in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis, Linnaeus, 1758).

Babesia orientalis is the causative agent of babesiosis in water buffalo (Bubalus babalis, Linnaeus, 1758). In this study, a TaqMan real-time PCR assay was developed for quantitative detection of B. orientalis in water buffalo.

Seroprevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection on pig farms in central China.

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that causes severe diseases in mammals, including humans, around the world. In China, pork is the main meat source; accordingly, T. gondii in pigs is considered an important source for human toxoplasmosis.

Use of protein AG in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in four species of animals.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) employing protein AG (AG-ELISA) as a conjugate was developed to detect anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies (Ab) in experimentally infected pigs and naturally infected pigs, goats, dogs, and cats. The results indicate that AG-ELISA can be a useful method for serological diagnosis of T. gondii infection in these four species of animals.