Multi-rater Prism: Learning self-calibrated medical image segmentation from multiple raters.

In medical image segmentation, it is often necessary to collect opinions from multiple experts to make the final decision. This clinical routine helps to mitigate individual bias. However, when data is annotated by multiple experts, standard deep learning models are often not applicable.

An overview of analytical methods for detecting endogenous hydrogen sulfide (HS) in plants.

The significance of hydrogen sulfide (HS) as a crucial gasotransmitter has been shown extensively in plants, and endogenous HS is often modulated to activate HS signaling when plants respond to numerous developmental and environmental cues. Consequently, elucidating the HS physiological concentrations and the HS generation intensity of plants is key to understanding the activation mechanism of HS signaling, which has attracted increasing attention. Currently, a variety of reaction-based methods have been reported for monitoring HS concentration in vivo and in vitro.

Bibliometric analysis of hotspots and trends of global myopia research.

Aim: To gain insights into the global research hotspots and trends of myopia.

Methods: Articles were downloaded from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2022 from the Science Core Database website and were mainly statistically analyzed by bibliometrics software.

Results: A total of 444 institutions in 87 countries published 4124 articles.

Open Fundus Photograph Dataset with Pathologic Myopia Recognition and Anatomical Structure Annotation.

Pathologic myopia (PM) is a common blinding retinal degeneration suffered by highly myopic population. Early screening of this condition can reduce the damage caused by the associated fundus lesions and therefore prevent vision loss. Automated diagnostic tools based on artificial intelligence methods can benefit this process by aiding clinicians to identify disease signs or to screen mass populations using color fundus photographs as inputs.

Predicting Implantable Collamer Lens Vault Using Machine Learning Based on Various Preoperative Biometric Factors.

Purpose: To predict the vault size after Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) V4c implantation using machine learning methods and to compare the predicted vault with the conventional manufacturer's nomogram.

Methods: This study included 707 patients (707 eyes) who underwent ICL V4c implantation at the Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, from September 2019 to January 2022. Random Forest Regression (RFR), XGBoost, and linear regression (LR) were used to predict the vault size 1 week after ICL V4c implantation.

GAMMA challenge: Glaucoma grAding from Multi-Modality imAges.

Glaucoma is a chronic neuro-degenerative condition that is one of the world's leading causes of irreversible but preventable blindness. The blindness is generally caused by the lack of timely detection and treatment. Early screening is thus essential for early treatment to preserve vision and maintain life quality.

Advances in biological functions and mechanisms of histone variants in plants.

Nucleosome is the basic subunit of chromatin, consisting of approximately 147bp DNA wrapped around a histone octamer, containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. A linker histone H1 can bind nucleosomes through its conserved GH1 domain, which may promote chromatin folding into higher-order structures. Therefore, the complexity of histones act importantly for specifying chromatin and gene activities.

Transcriptomic analysis reveals the functions of HS as a gasotransmitter independently of Cys in .

Numerous studies have revealed the gasotransmitter functions of hydrogen sulfide (HS) in various biological processes. However, the involvement of HS in sulfur metabolism and/or Cys synthesis makes its role as a signaling molecule ambiguous. The generation of endogenous HS in plants is closely related to the metabolism of Cys, which play roles in a variety of signaling pathway occurring in various cellular processes.

Lens structure segmentation from AS-OCT images via shape-based learning.

Background And Objectives: The lens is one of the important refractive media in the eyeball. Abnormality of the nucleus or cortex in the lens can lead to ocular disorders such as cataracts and presbyopia. To achieve an accurate diagnosis, segmentation of these ocular structures from anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) is essential.

Gasotransmitter HS accelerates seed germination via activating AOX mediated cyanide-resistant respiration pathway.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) has been witnessed as a crucial gasotransmitter involving in various physiological processes in plants. HS signaling has been reported to involve in regulating seed germination, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we found that endogenous HS production was activated in germinating Arabidopsis seeds, correlating with upregulated both the transcription and the activity of L-cysteine desulfhydrase (EC 4.

An atlas of plant full-length RNA reveals tissue-specific and monocots-dicots conserved regulation of poly(A) tail length.

Poly(A) tail is a hallmark of eukaryotic messenger RNA and its length plays an essential role in regulating mRNA metabolism. However, a comprehensive resource for plant poly(A) tail length has yet to be established. Here, we applied a poly(A)-enrichment-free, nanopore-based method to profile full-length RNA with poly(A) tail information in plants.

A Multicenter Clinical Study of the Automated Fundus Screening Algorithm.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of automated fundus screening software in detecting eye diseases by comparing the reported results against those given by human experts.

Results: There were 1585 subjects who completed the procedure and yielded qualified images. The prevalence of referable diabetic retinopathy (RDR), glaucoma suspect (GCS), and referable macular diseases (RMD) were 20.

ADAM Challenge: Detecting Age-Related Macular Degeneration From Fundus Images.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairment among elderly in the world. Early detection of AMD is of great importance, as the vision loss caused by this disease is irreversible and permanent. Color fundus photography is the most cost-effective imaging modality to screen for retinal disorders.

Reprogramming of Histone H3 Lysine Methylation During Plant Sexual Reproduction.

Plants undergo extensive reprogramming of chromatin status during sexual reproduction, a process vital to cell specification and pluri- or totipotency establishment. As a crucial way to regulate chromatin organization and transcriptional activity, histone modification can be reprogrammed during sporogenesis, gametogenesis, and embryogenesis in flowering plants. In this review, we first introduce enzymes required for writing, recognizing, and removing methylation marks on lysine residues in histone H3 tails, and describe their differential expression patterns in reproductive tissues, then we summarize their functions in the reprogramming of H3 lysine methylation and the corresponding chromatin re-organization during sexual reproduction in , and finally we discuss the molecular significance of histone reprogramming in maintaining the pluri- or totipotency of gametes and the zygote, and in establishing novel cell fates throughout the plant life cycle.

The association of adjusted plasma valproic acid concentration with gene polymorphism in patients with epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Valproic acid (VPA) is a common antiepileptic drug used to treat both generalized and partial epilepsy. Although there is increasing evidence to suggest that gene polymorphisms are associated with interindividual variability of VPA metabolism, the results are debatable. Therefore, in the present study, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the correlation between gene polymorphisms and adjusted plasma VPA concentration.

Stenosis-DetNet: Sequence consistency-based stenosis detection for X-ray coronary angiography.

Background: The automatic detection of coronary artery stenosis on X-ray images is important in coronary heart disease diagnosis. Conventional methods cannot accurately detect all stenosis areas because of heartbeat, respiratory movements and weak vascular features in single-frame contrast images.

Method: This paper proposes the use of Stenosis-DetNet, which is a method based on object detection networks.

Motion-flow-guided recurrent network for respiratory signal estimation of x-ray angiographic image sequences.

Motion compensation can eliminate inconsistencies of respiratory movement during image acquisitions for precise vascular reconstruction in the clinical diagnosis of vascular disease from x-ray angiographic image sequences. In x-ray-based vascular interventional therapy, motion modeling can simulate the process of organ deformation driven by motion signals to display a dynamic organ on angiograms without contrast agent injection. Automatic respiratory signal estimation from x-ray angiographic image sequences is essential for motion compensation and modeling.

Efficacy and safety of ibrutinib in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A single-arm meta-analysis.

This study aimed to evaluate the benefits and risks of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with ibrutinib. PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for relevant studies.

The effect of polymorphism on sirolimus in renal transplant recipients: a meta-analysis.

Background: Sirolimus (SRL) is an immunosuppressive drug and substrate of the P-glycoprotein (P-GP) encoded by . The relationship between polymorphism and the pharmacokinetics of SRL in different studies were conflicting in renal transplant recipients. Thus, this meta-analysis aims to investigate the influence of C3435T, C1236T, and G2677T/A polymorphisms on the dose-adjusted trough level (C/D) of SRL in renal transplant recipients.

IL-17A Is Critical for CD8+ T Effector Response in Airway Epithelial Injury After Transplantation.

Background: Airway epithelium is the primary target of trachea and lung transplant rejection, the degree of epithelial injury is closely correlated with obliterative bronchiolitis development. In this study, we investigated the cellular and molecular mechanisms of IL-17A-mediated airway epithelial injury after transplantation.

Methods: Murine orthotopic allogeneic trachea or lung transplants were implemented in wild type or RORγt mice.

STAT1 activation represses IL-22 gene expression and psoriasis pathogenesis.

IL-22 plays an important role in tissue repair and inflammatory responses, and is implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, ulcerative colitis, as well as liver and pancreas damage. The molecular mechanisms of its regulation have been actively studied. Here, we show that the differential regulation of IL-22 expression in CD4 T cells by IL-6 and IL-27 was detected rapidly after stimulation.

The Ca /calmodulin2-binding transcription factor TGA3 elevates LCD expression and H S production to bolster Cr tolerance in Arabidopsis.

Heavy metal (HM) contamination on agricultural land not only reduces crop yield but also causes human health concerns. As a plant gasotransmitter, hydrogen sulfide (H S) can trigger various defense responses and help reduce accumulation of HMs in plants; however, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of H S signaling. Here, we provide evidence to answer the long-standing question about how H S production is elevated in the defense of plants against HM stress.

An emphasis of hydrogen sulfide-cysteine cycle on enhancing the tolerance to chromium stress in Arabidopsis.

Increasing attention has been focused on the health of vegetables and grains grown in the contaminated agricultural soil, it is thus meaningful to find ways to reduce the heavy metals (HMs) accumulation in plants. As sulfur is considered to be an essential macronutrient for plant stress defenses, the important role of sulfur assimilation in plants responding to HMs stress has been followed. However, the potential mechanism of the only sulfur-containing gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and its main endogenously generated substrate, cysteine (Cys), in plant defense is poorly understood.

Hydrogen Sulfide Alleviates Cadmium-Induced Cell Death through Restraining ROS Accumulation in Roots of Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a cell signal molecule produced endogenously and involved in regulation of tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress in plants. In this work, we used molecular biology, physiology, and histochemical methods to investigate the effects of H2S on cadmium- (Cd-) induced cell death in Chinese cabbage roots. Cd stress stimulated a rapid increase of endogenous H2S in roots.