A genome-wide-level insight into the HSF gene family of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa and the functional divergence of RtHSFA2a and RtHSFA2b in thermal adaptation.

Heat shock transcription factor (HSF) is one of the most important regulatory elements in plant development and stress response. Rhohomyrtus tomentosa has many advantages in adapting to high temperature and high humidity climates, whereas its inherence has barely been elucidated. In this study, we aimed to characterize the HSF family and investigate the thermal adaptation mechanisms of R.

of Positively Regulate Thermotolerance by Transcriptionally Activating and .

Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) are crucial components in heat stress response. However, the contribution of the HSFs governing the inherent thermotolerance in has barely been investigated. We here compared the roles of , , and in heat stress tolerance.

Analytical Model of Action Fusion in Sports Tennis Teaching by Convolutional Neural Networks.

In order to improve the effectiveness of tennis teaching and enhance students' understanding and mastery of tennis standard movements, based on the three-dimensional (3D) convolutional neural network architecture, the problem of action recognition is deeply studied. Firstly, through OpenPose, the recognition process of human poses in tennis sports videos is discussed. Athlete tracking algorithms are designed to target players.

PeTGA1 enhances disease resistance against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides through directly regulating PeSARD1 in poplar.

Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) proteins play important roles in responding to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms of plant resistance to pathogens remain largely unclear in poplar. The present study isolated a TGACG-binding (TGA) transcription factor, PeTGA1, from Populus euphratica.

The Receptor-Like Kinase Confers Improved Water Use Efficiency and Drought Tolerance to Poplar via Modulating Stomatal Density.

Poplar is one of the most important tree species in the north temperate zone, but poplar plantations are quite water intensive. We report here that CaMV 35S promoter-driven overexpression of the gene, which is a member of the LRR-RLKs family from × ( × ), improves water use efficiency and enhances drought tolerance in triploid white poplar. localizes to the plasma membrane.

ABF3 enhances drought tolerance via promoting ABA-induced stomatal closure by directly regulating ADF5 in Populus euphratica.

Water availability is a main limiting factor for plant growth, development, and distribution throughout the world. Stomatal movement mediated by abscisic acid (ABA) is particularly important for drought adaptation, but the molecular mechanisms in trees are largely unclear. Here, we isolated an ABA-responsive element binding factor, PeABF3, in Populus euphratica.

PeSTZ1 confers salt stress tolerance by scavenging the accumulation of ROS through regulating the expression of PeZAT12 and PeAPX2 in Populus.

ZINC FINGER OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA12 (ZAT12) plays an important role in stress responses, but the transcriptional regulation of ZAT12 in response to abiotic stress remains unclear. In this study, we confirmed that a SALT TOLERANCE ZINC FINGER1 transcription factor from Populus euphratica (PeSTZ1) could regulate the expression of PeZAT12 by dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The expression of PeSTZ1 was rapidly induced by NaCl and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatments.

PeSTZ1, a C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factor from Populus euphratica, enhances freezing tolerance through modulation of ROS scavenging by directly regulating PeAPX2.

In the present study, PeSTZ1, a cysteine-2/histidine-2-type zinc finger transcription factor, was isolated from the desert poplar, Populus euphratica, which serves as a model stress adaptation system for trees. PeSTZ1 was preferentially expressed in the young stems and was significantly up-regulated during chilling and freezing treatments. PeSTZ1 was localized to the nucleus and bound specifically to the PeAPX2 promoter.

PeSHN1 regulates water-use efficiency and drought tolerance by modulating wax biosynthesis in poplar.

Wax, a hydrophobic structure that provides an effective waterproof barrier to the leaves, is an important drought adaptation trait for preventing water loss. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying wax biosynthesis in trees. Here, PeSHN1, an AP2/ethylene response factor transcription factor, was isolated from a fast-growing poplar Populus × euramericana cv.

Serine Integrase attP Binding and Specificity.

Serine integrases catalyze the site-specific insertion of viral DNA into a host's genome. The minimal requirements and irreversible nature of this integration reaction have led to the use of serine integrases in applications ranging from bacterial memory storage devices to gene therapy. Our understanding of how the integrase proteins recognize the viral (attP) and host (attB) attachment sites is limited, with structural data available for only a Listeria integrase C-terminal domain (CTD) bound to an attP half-site.

Poplar miR472a targeting NBS-LRRs is involved in effective defence against the necrotrophic fungus Cytospora chrysosperma.

The hemibiotroph Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and the necrotroph Cytospora chrysosperma cause poplar foliage and stem disease, respectively, resulting in substantial economic losses. In this study, Populus trichocarpa ptc-miR472a was down-regulated in leaves treated with salicylic acid, jasmonic acid (JA) or bacterial flagellin (flg22). Here, ptc-miR472a and a short tandem target mimic (STTM) of miR472a were overexpressed in P.

PeCHYR1, a ubiquitin E3 ligase from Populus euphratica, enhances drought tolerance via ABA-induced stomatal closure by ROS production in Populus.

Drought, a primary abiotic stress, seriously affects plant growth and productivity. Stomata play a vital role in regulating gas exchange and drought adaptation. However, limited knowledge exists of the molecular mechanisms underlying stomatal movement in trees.

Comparative transcriptome analysis of duckweed (Landoltia punctata) in response to cadmium provides insights into molecular mechanisms underlying hyperaccumulation.

Cadmium (Cd) is a detrimental environmental pollutant. Duckweeds have been considered promising candidates for Cd phytoremediation. Although many physiological studies have been conducted, the molecular mechanisms underlying Cd hyperaccumulation in duckweeds are largely unknown.

A fast autofocus sharpness function of microvision system based on the Robert function and Gauss fitting.

For the microvision system, a new autofocus evaluation function based on the Robert function is proposed by increasing the threshold value. Compared with the traditional evaluation function, the new focus function reduces the local extreme value and increases the steepness of the focusing curve. According to the characteristics of the focusing evaluation function, the focus curve can be divided into two stages: the gentle area and the steep area.

Coiled-coil interactions mediate serine integrase directionality.

Serine integrases are bacteriophage enzymes that carry out site-specific integration and excision of their viral genomes. The integration reaction is highly directional; recombination between the phage attachment site attP and the host attachment site attB to form the hybrid sites attL and attR is essentially irreversible. In a recent model, extended coiled-coil (CC) domains in the integrase subunits are proposed to interact in a way that favors the attPxattB reaction but inhibits the attLxattR reaction.

Structure and Metal Binding Properties of a Poxvirus Resolvase.

Poxviruses replicate their linear genomes by forming concatemers that must be resolved into monomeric units to produce new virions. A viral resolvase cleaves DNA four-way junctions extruded at the concatemer junctions to produce monomeric genomes. This cleavage reaction is required for viral replication, so the resolvase is an attractive target for small molecule inhibitors.

Evaluation of Appropriate Reference Genes for Reverse Transcription-Quantitative PCR Studies in Different Tissues of a Desert Poplar via Comparision of Different Algorithms.

Despite the unshakable status of reverse transcription-quantitative PCR in gene expression analysis, it has certain disadvantages, including that the results are highly dependent on the reference genes selected for data normalization. Since inappropriate endogenous control genes will lead to inaccurate target gene expression profiles, the validation of suitable internal reference genes is essential. Given the increasing interest in functional genes and genomics of Populus euphratica, a desert poplar showing extraordinary adaptation to salt stress, we evaluated the expression stability of ten candidate reference genes in P.

Human anti-V3 HIV-1 monoclonal antibodies encoded by the VH5-51/VL lambda genes define a conserved antigenic structure.

Preferential usage of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes that encode antibodies (Abs) against various pathogens is rarely observed and the nature of their dominance is unclear in the context of stochastic recombination of Ig genes. The hypothesis that restricted usage of Ig genes predetermines the antibody specificity was tested in this study of 18 human anti-V3 monoclonal Abs (mAbs) generated from unrelated individuals infected with various subtypes of HIV-1, all of which preferentially used pairing of the VH5-51 and VL lambda genes. Crystallographic analysis of five VH5-51/VL lambda-encoded Fabs complexed with various V3 peptides revealed a common three dimensional (3D) shape of the antigen-binding sites primarily determined by the four complementarity determining regions (CDR) for the heavy (H) and light (L) chains: specifically, the H1, H2, L1 and L2 domains.

Structural analysis of human and macaque mAbs 2909 and 2.5B: implications for the configuration of the quaternary neutralizing epitope of HIV-1 gp120.

The quaternary neutralizing epitope (QNE) of HIV-1 gp120 is preferentially expressed on the trimeric envelope spikes of intact HIV virions, and QNE-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) potently neutralize HIV-1. Here, we present the crystal structures of the Fabs of human mAb 2909 and macaque mAb 2.5B.

Broader HIV-1 neutralizing antibody responses induced by envelope glycoprotein mutants based on the EIAV attenuated vaccine.

Background: In order to induce a potent and cross-reactive neutralizing antibody (nAb), an effective envelope immunogen is crucial for many viral vaccines, including the vaccine for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The Chinese equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) attenuated vaccine has controlled the epidemic of this virus after its vaccination in over 70 million equine animals during the last 3 decades in China. Data from our past studies demonstrate that the Env protein of this vaccine plays a pivotal role in protecting horses from both homologous and heterogeneous EIAV challenges.

A new activity of anti-HIV and anti-tumor protein GAP31: DNA adenosine glycosidase--structural and modeling insight into its functions.

We report here the high-resolution atomic structures of GAP31 crystallized in the presence of HIV-LTR DNA oligonucleotides systematically designed to examine the adenosine glycosidase activity of this anti-HIV and anti-tumor plant protein. Structural analysis and molecular modeling lead to several novel findings. First, adenine is bound at the active site in the crystal structures of GAP31 to HIV-LTR duplex DNA with 5' overhanging adenosine ends, such as the 3'-processed HIV-LTR DNA but not to DNA duplex with blunt ends.

Structural basis of the cross-reactivity of genetically related human anti-HIV-1 mAbs: implications for design of V3-based immunogens.

Human monoclonal antibodies 447-52D and 537-10D, both coded by the VH3 gene and specific for the third variable region (V3) of the HIV-1 gp120, were found to share antigen-binding structural elements including an elongated CDR H3 forming main-chain interactions with the N terminus of the V3 crown. However, water-mediated hydrogen bonds and a unique cation-pi sandwich stacking allow 447-52D to be broadly reactive with V3 containing both the GPGR and GPGQ crown motifs, while the deeper binding pocket and a buried Glu in the binding site of 537-10D limit its reactivity to only V3 containing the GPGR motif. Our results suggest that the design of immunogens for anti-V3 antibodies should avoid the Arg at the V3 crown, as GPGR-containing epitopes appear to select for B cells making antibodies of narrower specificity than V3 that carry Gln at this position.

Structural and functional studies of Aspergillus oryzae cutinase: enhanced thermostability and hydrolytic activity of synthetic ester and polyester degradation.

Cutinases are responsible for hydrolysis of the protective cutin lipid polyester matrix in plants and thus have been exploited for hydrolysis of small molecule esters and polyesters. Here we explore the reactivity, stability, and structure of Aspergillus oryzae cutinase and compare it to the well-studied enzyme from Fusarium solani. Two critical differences are highlighted in the crystallographic analysis of the A.

Cortisone dissociates the Shaker family K+ channels from their beta subunits.

The Shaker family voltage-dependent potassium channels (Kv1) are expressed in a wide variety of cells and are essential for cellular excitability. In humans, loss-of-function mutations of Kv1 channels lead to hyperexcitability and are directly linked to episodic ataxia and atrial fibrillation. All Kv1 channels assemble with beta subunits (Kv betas), and certain Kv betas, for example Kv beta 1, have an N-terminal segment that closes the channel by the N-type inactivation mechanism.