A patient with penile metastasis secondary to small cell lung cancer successfully treated with PD-1 inhibitors and chemotherapy: a case report and literature review.

Background: Penile metastasis is an uncommon condition, with most primary malignancies originating in the abdominal cavity and pelvis. There have been very few reported cases originating from lung cancer, most of squamous cell carcinoma without small cell lung cancer.

Methods: We presented a case of penile metastasis secondary to small cell lung cancer, along with a review of relevant literature from the CNKI database.

The choroid plexus: a command center for brain-body communication during inflammation.

During brain inflammation, rigorous regulation of brain-body communication is required for sufficient, but not excessive, immune activation. As a crucial neuroimmune interface, the choroid plexus (ChP) epithelium serves as both a physical barrier between blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and a gateway allowing peripheral immune cell entry into the central nervous system (CNS). Recent years have witnessed increasing investigations of ChP events during brain inflammation.

Protocol for the dissection, immunostaining, and imaging of whole-mount mouse choroid plexus.

Extracting the choroid plexus (ChP) for histology provides a comprehensive view of the whole tissue and is crucial for understanding its structure and cellular interactions. Here, we present a protocol for dissecting out the lateral, third, and fourth ventricle ChP from mice and the immunostaining process. We also detail procedures for preparing whole-mount ChP tissue and imaging techniques, such as tile scan and Z-stacks.

Exploratory Study on Nanoparticle Co-Delivery of Temozolomide and Ligustilide for Enhanced Brain Tumor Therapy.

Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-line therapy for glioblastoma (GBM), but its clinical efficacy is limited by its short half-life, poor brain targeting, adverse side effects, and the development of drug resistance. Ligustilide (LIG) has been shown to enhance blood-brain barrier permeability and reduce P-glycoprotein activity, thereby potentiating the synergistic effect of TMZ against GBM. The dual-drug-loaded nanoparticles encapsulating both TMZ and LIG (TMZ/LIG-NPs) were prepared using Poly (d,l-lactic-co-glycolide)-monomethoxy poly (ethylene glycol) (PLGA-mPEG).

Landscape of human protein-coding somatic mutations across tissues and individuals.

Although somatic mutations are fundamentally important to human biology, disease, and aging, many outstanding questions remain about their rates, spectrum, and determinants in apparently healthy tissues. Here, we performed high-coverage exome sequencing on 265 samples from 14 GTEx donors sampled for a median of 17.5 tissues per donor (spanning 46 total tissues).

Mapping the chromothripsis landscape in urothelial carcinoma unravels great intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity.

Chromothripsis, a hallmark of cancer, is characterized by extensive and localized DNA rearrangements involving one or a few chromosomes. However, its genome-wide frequency and characteristics in urothelial carcinoma (UC) remain largely unknown. Here, by analyzing single-regional and multi-regional whole-genome sequencing (WGS), we present the chromothripsis blueprint in 488 UC patients.

Phase I Trial of Upamostat Combined With Gemcitabine in Locally Unresectable or Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: Safety and Preliminary Efficacy Assessment.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) inhibitor upamostat (LH011) in combination with gemcitabine for locally advanced unresectable or metastatic pancreatic cancer.

Method: Seventeen patients were enrolled and received escalating doses of oral LH011 (100, 200, 400, or 600 mg) daily alongside 1000 mg/m of gemcitabine. Safety profiles, tumor response (including response rate and progression-free survival), pharmacokinetics, and changes in CA199 and D-dimer levels were assessed.

Study protocol: A national cross-sectional study on psychology and behavior investigation of Chinese residents in 2023.

Introduction: This study protocol specifies the primary research line and theoretical framework of the 2023 Survey of the Psychology and Behavior of the Chinese Population. It aims to establish a consistent database of Chinese residents' psychological and behavioral surveys through multi-center and large-sample cross-sectional surveys to provide robust data support for developing research in related fields. It will track the public's physical and psychological health more comprehensively and systematically.

CT-based deep learning model for predicting the success of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in treating ureteral stones larger than 1 cm.

Objectives: To develop a deep learning (DL) model based on computed tomography (CT) images to predict the success of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) treatment for patients with ureteral stones larger than 1 cm.

Materials And Methods: We enrolled 333 patients who underwent SWL treatment for ureteral stones and randomly divided them into training and test sets. A DL model was built based on CT images of ureteral stones to predict SWL outcomes.

Propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate suppressed lung metastasis by blocking P-selectin to recruit CD4 regulatory T cells.

P-selectin has been shown to enhance growth and metastasis of mouse tumors by promoting regulatory T cell (Treg) infiltration into the tumors. Theoretically, a P-selectin antagonist could suppress the process. Popylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate (PSS) is a heparin-like marine drug, which was originally approved to treat cardiovascular disease in China.

The choroid plexus synergizes with immune cells during neuroinflammation.

The choroid plexus (ChP) is a vital brain barrier and source of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Here, we use longitudinal two-photon imaging in awake mice and single-cell transcriptomics to elucidate the mechanisms of ChP regulation of brain inflammation. We used intracerebroventricular injections of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to model meningitis in mice and observed that neutrophils and monocytes accumulated in the ChP stroma and surged across the epithelial barrier into the CSF.

Phylogenetics, Molecular Species Delimitation and Geometric Morphometrics of All Reddish-Brown Species in the Genus Lewis, 1887 (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Tritomini).

To date, five species of reddish-brown have been described, but their highly similar body color and other phenotypic traits make accurate taxonomy challenging. To clarify species-level taxonomy and validate potential new species, the cytochrome oxidase subunit I () was used for phylogenetic analysis and the geometric morphometrics of elytron, pronotum, and hind wing were employed to distinguish all reddish-brown species. Phylogenetic results using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of sequences aligned well with the current taxonomy of the species group.

CT-based radiomics for predicting success of shock wave lithotripsy in ureteral stones larger than 1 cm.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the predictive value of CT-based radiomics in determining the success of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) treatment for ureteral stones larger than 10mm in adult patients.

Materials And Methods: A total of 301 eligible patients (165/136 successful/unsuccessful) who underwent SWL were retrospectively evaluated and divided into a training cohort (n = 241) and a test cohort (n = 60) following an 8:2 ratio. Univariate analysis was performed to assess clinical characteristics for constructing a nomogram.

Socio-ecological model as a framework to understand the low participation of Earth Hour among Chinese college students: conflict between belief and practice.

Earth Hour, a global mass effort coordinated to show concern for green urban construction and sustainable development, was first organized by the World Wildlife Fund in Australia in 2007 with a growing trend of participation worldwide. However, analysis of participation in Earth Hour based on a large population are sparse, with only a few studies reporting details in positive results without a clear pattern that explains the potential low participation. This study focuses on the non-participants and analyzed the reasons for low participation in Earth Hour using a questionnaire with 401 college students based on the socio-ecological model.

SCO-spondin knockout mice exhibit small brain ventricles and mild spine deformation.

Reissner's fiber (RF) is an extracellular polymer comprising the large monomeric protein SCO-spondin (SSPO) secreted by the subcommissural organ (SCO) that extends through cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled ventricles into the central canal of the spinal cord. In zebrafish, RF and CSF-contacting neurons (CSF-cNs) form an axial sensory system that detects spinal curvature, instructs morphogenesis of the body axis, and enables proper alignment of the spine. In mammalian models, RF has been implicated in CSF circulation.

Threshold effect of technological innovation on carbon emission intensity based on multi-source heterogeneous data.

It is of much importance to clarify the impact of technological innovation on carbon emission intensity for the low-carbon transformation of China's economy. This study, based on the panel data of 30 Chinese provinces and municipalities from 2010 to 2020, measures and analyzes the carbon emission intensity and the level of technological innovation, establishing a spatial econometric model to study the spatial spillover effect and a panel threshold model to analyze the nonlinear influence of technological innovation level on carbon emission intensity. The findings are as follows: First, the overall carbon emission intensity in China shows a decreasing trend from 2010 to 2020, with the average dropping from 3.

Antibodies Expand the Scope of Angiotensin Receptor Pharmacology.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are key regulators of human physiology and are the targets of many small molecule research compounds and therapeutic drugs. While most of these ligands bind to their target GPCR with high affinity, selectivity is often limited at the receptor, tissue, and cellular level. Antibodies have the potential to address these limitations but their properties as GPCR ligands remain poorly characterized.

A collaboration between immune cells and the choroid plexus epithelium in brain inflammation.

The choroid plexus (ChP) is a vital brain barrier and source of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Here, we use chronic two-photon imaging in awake mice and single-cell transcriptomics to demonstrate that in addition to these roles, the ChP is a complex immune organ that regulates brain inflammation. In a mouse meningitis model, neutrophils and monocytes accumulated in ChP stroma and surged across the epithelial barrier into the CSF.

Defining diurnal fluctuations in mouse choroid plexus and CSF at high molecular, spatial, and temporal resolution.

Transmission and secretion of signals via the choroid plexus (ChP) brain barrier can modulate brain states via regulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) composition. Here, we developed a platform to analyze diurnal variations in male mouse ChP and CSF. Ribosome profiling of ChP epithelial cells revealed diurnal translatome differences in metabolic machinery, secreted proteins, and barrier components.

Age-appropriate potassium clearance from perinatal cerebrospinal fluid depends on choroid plexus NKCC1.

Regulation of the volume and electrolyte composition of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is vital for brain development and function. The Na-K-Cl co-transporter NKCC1 in the choroid plexus (ChP) plays key roles in regulating CSF volume by co-transporting ions and mediating same-direction water movements. Our previous study showed ChP NKCC1 is highly phosphorylated in neonatal mice as the CSF K level drastically decreases and that overexpression of NKCC1 in the ChP accelerates CSF K clearance and reduces ventricle size [1].

Design, synthesis and anti-tumor evaluation of plinabulin derivatives as potential agents targeting β-tubulin.

Plinabulin is a promising microtubule destabilizing agent in phase 3 clinical stage for treating non-small cell lung cancer. However, the high toxicity and the poor water solubility of plinabulin limited its use and more plinabulin derivatives need to be explored. Here, two series of 29 plinabulin derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their anti-tumor effect against three types of cancer cell lines.

Choroid plexus-targeted NKCC1 overexpression to treat post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus.

Post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) refers to a life-threatening accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that occurs following intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). An incomplete understanding of this variably progressive condition has hampered the development of new therapies beyond serial neurosurgical interventions. Here, we show a key role for the bidirectional Na-K-Cl cotransporter, NKCC1, in the choroid plexus (ChP) to mitigate PHH.