Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Therapy in Patients and Animals with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative malady that causes progressive degeneration and loss of motor neuron function in the brain and spinal cord, eventually resulting in muscular atrophy, paralysis, and death. Neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) transplantation can improve bodily function in animals and delay disease progression in patients with ALS. This paper summarizes and analyzes the efficacy and safety of neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) transplantation as a treatment for ALS, aiming to improve function and delay disease progression in patients.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Parkinson's Disease: Brain Tissue Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Interactions.

This study utilises amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson's disease (PD) human brain samples from the GEO database and employs differential expression gene (DEG) analysis to identify genes that are pivotal in both neurodegenerative diseases. Through in depth GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, we elucidated the biological functions and potential pathways associated with these DEGs. Furthermore, by constructing protein‒protein interaction networks, we highlight the significance of shared DEGs in both cellular physiology and disease contexts.

Implications of prenatal exposure to hyperandrogen for hippocampal neurodevelopment and autism-like behavior in offspring.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder that significantly jeopardizes the physical and mental well-being of children. Autism spectrum disorder results from a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Hyperandrogenic exposure during pregnancy increases their risk of developing autism.

Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell line (HMSCATi004-A) from an early onset Parkinson's disease patient with PRKN gene mutation.

Parkin (PRKN) is recognized as causative gene in early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were derived from a 29-year-old PD patient carrying a heterozygous c.823C > T (p.

Role of FMRP in AKT/mTOR pathway-mediated hippocampal autophagy in fragile X syndrome.

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by epigenetic silencing of the Fmr1 gene, leading to the deletion of the coding protein FMRP. FXS induces abnormal hippocampal autophagy and mTOR overactivation. However, it remains unclear whether FMRP regulates hippocampal autophagy through the AKT/mTOR pathway, which influences the neural behavior of FXS.

Generation of an iPSC line from a 79-year-old female patient diagnosed with sporadic Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder. Here we present a human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of a 79-year-old female patient diagnosed with sporadic Parkinson's disease using the sendai virus. Generated iPSCs maintain normal karyotype, exhibit pluripotent stem cell markers, and possess differentiation potential.

Androgen levels in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) population exhibits altered hormone levels, including androgens. However, studies on the regulation of androgens, such as testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), in relation to sex differences in individuals with ASD are limited and inconsistent. We conducted the systematic review with meta-analysis to quantitatively summarise the blood, urine, or saliva androgen data between individuals with ASD and controls.

Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells improve myocardial fibrosis and restore miRNA-133a expression in diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious health-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by myocardial fibrosis and abnormal cardiac function. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUC-MSCs) are a potential therapeutic tool for DCM and myocardial fibrosis via mechanisms such as the regulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression and inflammation. It remains unclear, however, whether hUC-MSC therapy has beneficial effects on cardiac function following different durations of diabetes and which mechanistic aspects of DCM are modulated by hUC-MSC administration at different stages of its development.

Combined transplantation of hiPSC-NSC and hMSC ameliorated neuroinflammation and promoted neuroregeneration in acute spinal cord injury.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious clinical condition that has pathological changes such as increased neuroinflammation and nerve tissue damage, which eventually manifests as fibrosis of the injured segment and the development of a spinal cord cavity leading to loss of function. Cell-based therapy, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) are promising treatment strategies for spinal cord injury via immunological regulation and neural replacement respectively. However, therapeutic efficacy is rare reported on combined transplantation of MSC and NSC in acute mice spinal cord injury even the potential reinforcement might be foreseen.

Amelioration of diabetic nephropathy in mice by a single intravenous injection of human mesenchymal stromal cells at early and later disease stages is associated with restoration of autophagy.

Background And Aims: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) a potentially effective disease-modulating therapy for diabetic nephropathy (DN) but their clinical translation has been hampered by incomplete understanding of the optimal timing of administration and in vivo mechanisms of action. This study aimed to elucidate the reno-protective potency and associated mechanisms of single intravenous injections of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hUC-MSCs) following shorter and longer durations of diabetes.

Methods: A streptozotocin (STZ)-induced model of diabetes and DN was established in C57BL/6 mice.

The Contributions of the Endolysosomal Compartment and Autophagy to APOEɛ4 Allele-Mediated Increase in Alzheimer's Disease Risk.

Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), although yet-to-be fully understood, increases the risk and lowers the age of onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is the major cause of dementia among elderly individuals. The endosome-lysosome and autophagy pathways, which are necessary for homeostasis in both neurons and glia, are dysregulated even in early AD. Nonetheless, the contributory roles of these pathways to developing AD-related pathologies in APOE4 individuals and models are unclear.

Neural Differentiation and spinal cord organoid generation from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for ALS modelling and inflammatory screening.

C9orf72 genetic mutation is the most common genetic cause of ALS/FTD accompanied by abnormal protein insufficiency. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures are providing new approaches. Therefore, this study established neuronal cell types and generated spinal cord organoids (SCOs) derived from C9orf72 knockdown human iPSCs to model ALS disease and screen the unrevealed phenotype.

Testosterone reduces hippocampal synaptic damage in an androgen receptor-independent manner.

Aging-related reduction in androgen levels may be a possible risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases and contribute to cognitive impairment. Androgens may affect synaptic function and cognition in an androgen receptor (AR)-independent manner; however, the mechanisms connecting theses effects are unknown. Therefore, we used testicular feminization mutation (Tfm) male mice, a model with AR mutation, to test the effects of testosterone on synaptic function and cognition.

Effects of Fmr1 Gene Mutations on Sex Differences in Autism-Like Behavior and Dendritic Spine Development in Mice and Transcriptomic Studies.

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common single gene disorder contributing to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although significant sex differences are observed in FXS, few studies have focused on the phenotypic characteristics as well as the differences in brain pathological changes and gene expression in FXS by sex. Therefore, we analyzed sex differences in autism-like behavior and dendritic spine development in two-month-old male and female Fmr1 KO and C57 mice and evaluated the mechanisms at transcriptome level.

Ceruloplasmin is associated with the infiltration of immune cells and acts as a prognostic biomarker in patients suffering from glioma.

Glioma is regarded as a prevalent form of cancer that affects the Central Nervous System (CNS), with an aggressive growth pattern and a low clinical cure rate. Despite the advancement of the treatment strategy of surgical resection, chemoradiotherapy and immunotherapy in the last decade, the clinical outcome is still grim, which is ascribed to the low immunogenicity and tumor microenvironment (TME) of glioma. The multifunctional molecule, called ceruloplasmin (CP) is involved in iron metabolism.

MSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles against Pulmonary Fibrosis of Rodent Model: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a fatal disease distinguished by structural destruction and dysfunction, accompanied by continuous accumulation of fibroblasts, which eventually leads to lung failure. Preclinical studies have shown that the administration of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) may be a safe and effective treatment for PF. The purpose of our meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy of MSC-EVs therapy and identify therapeutic aspects related to PF.

Effects of exercise intensity on spatial memory performance and hippocampal synaptic function in SAMP8 mice.

Learning and memory impairment is commonly noted in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is regarded as a progressive synaptic failure disease. Exercise is a nonpharmacological strategy that may help prevent cognitive decline and reduce the risk of AD, which is usually thought to be related to synaptic damage in the hippocampus. However, the effects of exercise intensity on hippocampal memory and synaptic function in AD remain unclear.

PSMD4 drives progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via Akt/COX2 pathway and p53 inhibition.

The ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway is crucial for cellular regulation, including control of the cell cycle, differentiation, and apoptosis. Proteasome 26S Subunit Ubiquitin Receptor, Non-ATPase 4, (PSMD4) is a member of the ubiquitin proteasome family that is upregulated in multiple solid tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the existence of PSMD4 is associated with unfavorable prognosis. In this study, transcriptome sequencing of HCC tissues and non-tumor hepatic tissues from the public database Cancer Genome Atlas (TGCA) revealed a high expression of PSMD4.

ZIP9 mediates the effects of DHT on learning, memory and hippocampal synaptic plasticity of male Tfm and APP/PS1 mice.

Androgens are closely associated with functions of hippocampal learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity. The zinc transporter ZIP9 (SLC39A9) regulates androgen effects as a binding site distinct from the androgen receptor (AR). However, it is still unclear whether androgens regulate their functions in hippocampus of mice through ZIP9.

Preclinical Evidence for the Effectiveness of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a complication of diabetes mellitus that endangers human health. DCM results in cardiac dysfunction, which eventually progresses to heart failure. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), a type of multipotent stem cell, have shown promising therapeutic effects in various cardiovascular diseases and diabetic complications in preclinical studies due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative abilities.

Neural stem/progenitor cell therapy for Alzheimer disease in preclinical rodent models: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory impairments, and there is no effective therapy. Neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) has emerged as potential novel therapy for AD, and we aim to explore whether neural stem/progenitor cell therapy was effective for rodent models of AD.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science up to December 6, 2022.

Knockdown of METTL16 disrupts learning and memory by reducing the stability of MAT2A mRNA.

N6-methyladenosine (mA) is abundant in the mammalian brain and is considered to have a wide range of effects on learning and memory. Here, we found that the upregulated methyltransferase-like protein 16 (METTL16) in the hippocampal tissues of Morris water maze (MWM)-trained mice contributed to improved memory formation and hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Mechanismly, METTL16 promoted the expression of methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A) by the mA methylation of the MAT2A mRNA-3'UTR-end to increase its stability, and this involved in improving hippocampal global mA levels, plasticity of dendritic spine, learning and memory.