An adaptive and lightweight YOLOv5 detection model for lung tumor in PET/CT images.

Multi-modal medical images are important in tumor lesion detection. However, the existing detection models only use single-modal to detect lesions, a multi-modal semantic correlation is not enough to consider and lacks ability to express the shape, size, and contrast degree features of lesions. A Cross Modal YOLOv5 model (CMYOLOv5) is proposed.

Fabrication and Mechanism Insight of Multidimensional Coupled Metal-Free van der Waals Heterostructures for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

It is an arduous issue to significantly improve the charge separation efficiency of polymer photocatalysts due to their inherently high exciton binding energy. Herein, based on an interfacial coupling and atom diffusion strategy, a metal-free 3D/2D van der Waals (VdW) heterojunction is fabricated through the modification of rich-vacancy wrinkle-like S (Vs-S) microspheres on the surface of S-doped polymeric carbon nitride (S-PCN) nanosheets. The insight into the mechanism reveals that the interfacial coupling effect induces a strong built-in electric field from S-PCN to Vs-S, and the carrier transfer behavior abides by the type-II charge transfer pathway, thereby dramatically improving the separation efficiency and transport kinetics of photogenerated carriers.

Fabrication of a Partial Encapsulation Architecture on S-Scheme Heterojunctions toward Durable Selective Photocatalytic CO Reduction.

It remains a challenging issue to achieve durably stable photocatalytic CO reduction over heterojunctions owing to their inherent structural assembly features. Herein, a unique partial encapsulation architecture is fabricated on the 3D/2D CoWO/CN heterojunction by embedding CoWO microspheres on CN nanosheets, which achieves efficient, durable, stable, and selective photocatalytic CO reduction. For the optimal 5%-CoWO/CN heterojunction, the yield of selective CO reduction to CO is 7.

Steerable Interfacial Assembly of 1D Amyloid-Like Protein Nanocomposites for Enhanced Nanoherbicide Utilization.

Conventional herbicide formulations suffer from serious problems such as easy drift, run-off and scouring into the environment, which pose enormous threats to human health and environmental safety. Herein, an innovative strategy is proposed to prepare oil-in-water nanoemulsions with long-term stability, enhanced droplet deposition, and improved nanoherbicide adhesion via steerable interfacial assembly of 1D amyloid-like protein nanocomposites. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) undergoes rapid amyloid-like aggregation upon reduction of its disulfide bond.

The value of real-time shear wave elastography in spontaneous preterm birth.

This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of real-time shear wave elastography (SWE) for spontaneous preterm birth (SPB). This study prospectively selected 175 women with singleton pregnancies at 16 to 36 weeks of gestation. Cervical length (CL) and uterocervical angle (UCA) were measured using transvaginal ultrasonography.

[Pulmonary PET /CT image instance segmentation based on dense interactive feature fusion Mask RCNN].

There are some problems in positron emission tomography/ computed tomography (PET/CT) lung images, such as little information of feature pixels in lesion regions, complex and diverse shapes, and blurred boundaries between lesions and surrounding tissues, which lead to inadequate extraction of tumor lesion features by the model. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a dense interactive feature fusion Mask RCNN (DIF-Mask RCNN) model. Firstly, a feature extraction network with cross-scale backbone and auxiliary structures was designed to extract the features of lesions at different scales.

Reduced Graphene Oxide-Supported SrVO Microflowers with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have received considerable attention in recent years. Anode material is one of the key factors that determine SIBs' electrochemical performance. Current commercial hard carbon anode shows poor rate performance, which greatly limits applications of SIBs.

Xintongtai Granule: Investigating the serum pharmacology and mechanisms of action against atherosclerosis.

Purpose: A serum medicinal chemistry analysis was performed to investigate the pharmacological basis of Xintongtai granule and to predict the potential mechanism of anti-atherosclerotic action based on the blood components.

Methods: UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was used to analyze the in vitro chemical composition and in vivo blood components of Xintongtai granule, and to detect the blood drug concentration. The PPI network was constructed by collecting blood components and disease targets through the network pharmacology method, and the key targets were subjected to GO and KEGG functional enrichment analyses, so as to construct the topology network of drug-component-target-disease, and to validate the network by molecular docking.

Sugar-Based Surfactants: Effects of Structural Features on the Physicochemical Properties of Sugar Esters and Their Comparison to Commercial Octyl Glycosides.

Two series of sugar esters with alkyl chain lengths varying from 5 to 12 carbon atoms, and with a head group consisting of glucose or galactose moieties, were synthesized. Equilibrium surface tension isotherms were measured, yielding critical micellar concentration (CMC) surface tensions at CMC (γcmc) and minimum areas at the air-water interface (Amin). In addition, Krafft temperatures (Tks) were measured to characterize the ability of molecules to dissolve in water, which is essential in numerous applications.

Protective effect and pharmacokinetics of dihydromyricetin nanoparticles on oxidative damage of myocardium.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the protective mechanism of dihydromyricetin PLGA nanoparticles (DMY-PLGA NPs) against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) in vitro and the improvement of oral bioavailability in vivo.

Methods: DMY-PLGA NPs was prepared and characterized by emulsifying solvent volatilization, and the oxidative stress model of rat H9c2 cardiomyocyte induced by H2O2 was established. After administration, cell survival rate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected, and the expressions of PGC1α and PPARα were detected by western blot (WB).

MYOLOv5: Feature enhanced YOLOv5 model for mandibular fracture detection.

Background: It is very important to detect mandibular fracture region. However, the size of mandibular fracture region is different due to different anatomical positions, different sites and different degrees of force. It is difficult to locate and recognize fracture region accurately.

Therapeutic Potential of Ginsenoside Rb1-PLGA Nanoparticles for Heart Failure Treatment via the ROS/PPARα/PGC1α Pathway.

(1) Background: Ginsenoside Rb1-PLGA nanoparticles (GRb1@PLGA@NPs) represent a novel nanotherapeutic system, yet their therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms for treating heart failure (HF) remain unexplored. This study aims to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of GRb1@PLGA@NPs in HF treatment; (2) Methods: The left anterior descending coronary artery ligation was employed to establish a HF model in Sprague-Dawley rats, along with an in vitro oxidative stress model using H9c2 myocardial cells. Following treatment with GRb1@PLGA@NPs, cardiac tissue pathological changes and cell proliferation were observed.

Prediction and analysis of quality markers for Chuantieling gel patches based on HPLC fingerprinting and network pharmacology.

The Chuantieling gel patch (CGP), a traditional Chinese medicine compound, is an external treatment for asthma. It has shown remarkable effectiveness in alleviating asthma-related airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. Nevertheless, there is currently no information available regarding the analysis of quality markers for CGP, and there is a need for further improvement in quality control research.

Photocatalytic Three-Component Reaction for the Synthesis of Multifunctional Diaryl Sulfides.

A photocatalytic three-component reaction of a nitroarene, a thiophenol, and a ketone for the synthesis of multifunctional diaryl sulfides was reported using a nitro group as the nitrogen source and thiophenol as the sulfur source. Thiophenol also serves as a proton donor to reduce nitroarene to arylamine as a key intermediate for the formation of C-N and C-S bonds. Good functional group tolerance and mild reaction conditions make this method have practical synthetic value for diversified multifunctional diaryl sulfides.

Preparation, characterization and in vivo pharmacokinetic study of ginsenoside Rb1-PLGA nanoparticles.

This study aimed to construct a Ginsenoside Rb1-PLGA nano drug delivery system, optimize its preparation process, characterize and evaluate the resulting Ginsenoside Rb1-PLGA Nanoparticles (GRb1@PLGA@NPs). GRb1@PLGA@NPs were prepared using the emulsion solvent evaporation method. The optimal preparation process was determined using Plackett-Burman design combined with Box-Behnken experiments.

GMRE-iUnet: Isomorphic Unet fusion model for PET and CT lung tumor images.

Lung tumor PET and CT image fusion is a key technology in clinical diagnosis. However, the existing fusion methods are difficult to obtain fused images with high contrast, prominent morphological features, and accurate spatial localization. In this paper, an isomorphic Unet fusion model (GMRE-iUnet) for lung tumor PET and CT images is proposed to address the above problems.

Transcriptome Data Reveal Geographic Heterogeneity in Gene Expression in Patients with Prostate Cancer.

Background: The incidence of prostate cancer (PC) exhibits geographical heterogeneity. However, the metabolic mechanisms underlying this geographic heterogeneity remain unclear. This study aimed to reveal the metabolic mechanism of the geographic heterogeneity in the incidence of PC.

Diagnostic value of exfoliated tumor cells combined with DNA methylation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for lung cancer.

Background: To evaluate the diagnostic value of exfoliated tumor cells (ETCs) numbers combined with DNA methylation levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in lung cancer.

Methods: BALF samples were collected from 43 patients with lung cancer and 23 with benign lung disease. ETCs were detected by the nano-enrichment method, and the methylation status of the short stature homeobox gene 2 (SHOX2) and the RAS association domain family 1, isoform A (RASSF1A) gene were detected by RT-PCR.

CCGL-YOLOV5:A cross-modal cross-scale global-local attention YOLOV5 lung tumor detection model.

Background: Multimodal medical image detection is a key technology in medical image analysis, which plays an important role in tumor diagnosis. There are different sizes lesions and different shapes lesions in multimodal lung tumor images, which makes it difficult to effectively extract key features of lung tumor lesions.

Methods: A Cross-modal Cross-scale Clobal-Local Attention YOLOV5 Lung Tumor Detection Model (CCGL-YOLOV5) is proposed in this paper.

Assessment of Naples prognostic score in predicting survival for small cell lung cancer patients treated with chemoradiotherapy.

Backgrounds: The Naples prognosis score (NPS) is a novel prognostic biomarker-based immune and nutritional status and that can be used to evaluate prognosis. Our study aimed to investigate the prognostic role of NPS in SCLC patients.

Methods: Patients treated with chemoradiotherapy were retrospectively analyzed between June 2012 and August 2017.

Calycosin attenuates the inflammatory damage of microglia induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation through the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Stroke seriously threatens human life and health worldwide, but only very few effective stroke medicines are currently available. Our previous studies have indicated that the phytoestrogen calycosin exerts neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury rats. Therefore, the objective of this study is to further explore the protective effect of calycosin on inflammatory injury in microglia after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and to clarify whether its protective effect is related to the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Deep learning methods for medical image fusion: A review.

The image fusion methods based on deep learning has become a research hotspot in the field of computer vision in recent years. This paper reviews these methods from five aspects: Firstly, the principle and advantages of image fusion methods based on deep learning are expounded; Secondly, the image fusion methods are summarized in two aspects: End-to-End and Non-End-to-End, according to the different tasks of deep learning in the feature processing stage, the non-end-to-end image fusion methods are divided into two categories: deep learning for decision mapping and deep learning for feature extraction. According to the different types of the networks, the end-to-end image fusion methods are divided into three categories: image fusion methods based on Convolutional Neural Network, Generative Adversarial Network, and Encoder-Decoder Network; Thirdly, the application of the image fusion methods based on deep learning in medical image field is summarized from two aspects: method and data set; Fourthly, evaluation metrics commonly used in the field of medical image fusion are sorted out from 14 aspects; Fifthly, the main challenges faced by the medical image fusion are discussed from two aspects: data sets and fusion methods.

Nested multi-scale transform fusion model: The response evaluation of chemoradiotherapy for patients with lung tumors.

Background And Objective: The response evaluation of chemoradiotherapy is an important method of precision treatment for patients with malignant lung tumors. In view of the existing evaluation criteria for chemoradiotherapy, it is difficult to synthesize the geometric and shape characteristics of lung tumors. In the present, the response evaluation of chemoradiotherapy is limited.

Phenols from Potentilla anserina L. Improve Insulin Sensitivity and Inhibit Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes in Vitro.

Potentilla anserina L., a well-known perennial herb, is widely used in traditional Tibetan medicine and used as a delicious food in humans. The present investigation reports on the activity of P.

[Medical image instance segmentation: from candidate region to no candidate region].

In recent years, the task of object detection and segmentation in medical image is the research hotspot and difficulty in the field of image processing. Instance segmentation provides instance-level labels for different objects belonging to the same class, so it is widely used in the field of medical image processing. In this paper, medical image instance segmentation was summarized from the following aspects: First, the basic principle of instance segmentation was described, the instance segmentation models were classified into three categories, the development context of the instance segmentation algorithm was displayed in two-dimensional space, and six classic model diagrams of instance segmentation were given.