Higher dietary zinc intake increases the risk of autoimmune thyroiditis.

Background: Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), encompassing Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), is a prevalent chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies. It is the primary cause of primary hypothyroidism and affects women more frequently than men. Nearly 95% of individuals with HT exhibit thyroid peroxidase antibodies or thyroglobulin antibodies.

ALKBH5, an m6A demethylase, attenuates tumor growth and inhibits metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

The significance of ALKBH5 in erasing mRNA methylation in mRNA biogenesis, decay, and translation control has emerged as a prominent research focus. Additionally, ALKBH5 is associated with the development of numerous human cancers. However, it remains unclear whether ALKBH5 regulates the growth and metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Sarcopenic obesity is significantly associated with poorer overall survival after liver transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Sarcopenia has been shown to worsen survival after liver transplantation. However, it remains unclear whether coexisting sarcopenia and obesity, so-called sarcopenic obesity (SO), may also synergistically increase their adverse effects. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate whether pre-transplant SO independently predicts survival in this population.

Hypoxic hepatitis in survivors of cardiac arrest: A systematic review and -analysis.

Background: Hypoxic hepatitis (HH) is commonly seen in critically ill patients, such as those with cardiac shock, sepsis, and respiratory failure. However, data are limited regarding its impact on the prognosis of patients with cardiac arrest (CA).

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies from PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from inception to July 30, 2024.

Association of iron homeostasis-related gene polymorphisms with pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess associations between iron homeostasis-related gene polymorphisms and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), adverse pregnancy outcomes, and neonatal outcomes.

Methods: In total, 138 patients with GDM and 74 normal pregnancy controls were recruited. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to genotype single-nucleotide polymorphisms (H63D rs1799945, TMPRSS6 rs855791, GDF15 rs1059369, rs4808793, BMP2 rs173107, C282Y rs3811647, rs1800562, rs269853, TF rs8177240, TFR2 rs7385804, FADS2 rs174577, and CUBN rs10904850) in 12 candidate genes related to iron homeostasis.

Peptidomic profiling of endogenous peptides in the spleens of mouse models of Graves' disease.

Background: Graves' disease (GD) is a common autoimmune thyroid disorder. The pathogenesis of GD involves an autoimmune response to the A subunit of the human thyrotropin receptor (hTSHR), although the specific mechanisms are not fully elucidated.

Methods: This study established a GD model by immunizing BALB/c mice with a recombinant adenovirus expressing the hTSHR A subunit.

T-cell exhaustion-related genes in Graves' disease: a comprehensive genome mapping analysis.

Background: T-cell exhaustion (Tex) can be beneficial in autoimmune diseases, but its role in Graves' disease (GD), an autoimmune disorder of the thyroid, remains unknown. This study investigated Tex-related gene expression in GD patients to discern the potential contributions of these genes to GD pathogenesis and immune regulation.

Methods: Through gene landscape analysis, a protein-protein interaction network of 40 Tex-related genes was constructed.

Triiodothyronine (T3) promotes browning of white adipose through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway.

Obesity arises from an imbalance between energy consumption and energy expenditure, and thyroid hormone levels serve as a determinant of energy expenditure. We conducted experiments at the animal and cellular levels and combined those findings with clinical data to elucidate the role of triiodothyronine (T3) in facilitating the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) and its underlying mechanism. The results showed (i) the impaired metabolic function of local WAT and the compensatory elevation of systemic thermogenesis in obesity; (ii) T3 treatment of white adipocytes in vitro and local WAT in vivo induced a shift towards a morphologically "brown" phenotype, accompanied by upregulation of mRNA and protein expression of browning-related and mitochondrial function markers, which suggest that T3 intervention promotes the browning of WAT; and (iii) the aforementioned processes could be modulated through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway; however, whether T3 affects the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway by affecting insulin signalling remains to be studied and clarified.

Identification and functionalization of thyrotropin receptor antibodies with different antigenic epitopes.

One of the sensitive markers for autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) clinical identification is thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies (TRAbs). To quickly distinguish TRAb with distinct antigenic epitopes, a straightforward and uncomplicated technique has not yet been created. The objective of this study is to search for molecular diagnostic targets for different types of AITD {Graves' disease (GD), Graves' orbitopathy (GO), GD with third-degree goiter [GD(3)], hypothyroidism combined with positive TRAb [HT(TRAb+)]} as molecular diagnostic targets.

Circular RNA circPHF16 enhances IL-17A expression and secretion by sequestering miR-378a-3p to activate the IL6ST axis in Graves' disease.

Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease (GD), an autoimmune disorder affecting thyroid function, but the detailed regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of IL-17A expression and secretion in autoimmune diseases, yet their specific role in GD, especially within CD4 + T lymphocytes, are not well understood. In this study, a circRNA, circPHF16 (hsa_circ_0090364) was found to be highly expressed in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum of GD patients.

The correlation between blood lipids and intrahepatic cholestasis syndrome during pregnancy.

Background: To analyse changes in lipid levels during the development of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and identify new biomarkers for predicting ICP.

Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted to analyse 473 pregnant women who underwent regular prenatal examinations and delivered at the Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, between June 2020 and June 2023, including 269 normal pregnancy controls and 204 pregnant women with cholestasis.

Results: Patients with ICP with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels than in those without GDM.

Management of refined and personalized newborn blood specimen collection.

Background: Iatrogenic blood loss is an important cause of neonatal anemia. In this study, a spreadsheet tool was developed to reduce blood collection, providing a new idea for the prevention of iatrogenic blood loss in newborns.

Methods: Based on hematocrit, minimum test volume and dead volume, a new tool was to calculate the minimum blood collection volume and the number of containers required for the test portfolio.

Survival benefit of postoperative radioiodine therapy among patients with intermediate-risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Background: The 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines proposed the use of the ATA Risk Stratification System and American Joint Committee on Cancer Tumor-Node-Metastasis (AJCC/TNM) Staging System for postoperative radioiodine decision-making. However, the management of patients with intermediate-risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is not well defined. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of radioactive iodine therapy (RAIT) among various subgroups of patients with intermediate-risk DTC after surgery.

Serum vitamin D is substantially reduced and predicts flares in diabetic retinopathy patients.

Aims/introduction: Research has suggested that vitamin D deficiency is associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Our study aimed to determine whether vitamin D deficiency is the cause of diabetic retinopathy or if diabetic retinopathy reduces vitamin D levels.

Materials And Methods: Participants with type-2 diabetes were recruited for this prospective observational clinical study and were divided into a diabetic group without retinopathy and a diabetic group with retinopathy, with additional healthy volunteers serving as a control group.

Modulation of adipose tissue metabolism by exosomes in obesity.

Obesity and its related metabolic complications represent a significant global health challenge. Central to this is the dysregulation of glucolipid metabolism, with a predominant focus on glucose metabolic dysfunction in the current research, whereas adipose metabolism impairment garners less attention. Exosomes (EXs), small extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by various cells, have emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication and have the potential to be biomarkers, targets, and therapeutic tools for diverse diseases.

Elevated serum CA199 levels in patients suffering type 2 diabetes vs. various types of cancer.

Aims: Carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) is a standard tumor marker, and recent studies have found elevated in CA199 levels in patients with diabetes. However, there is no systematic measurement and comparison of serum CA199 levels in patients with diabetes and cancer. Here, a detailed description of the changes in serum CA199 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes and various cancers was explored.

Association of altered fibrinogen indexes levels as a potential biomarker in determining the possible onset of diabetic retinopathy.

Research suggests that fibrinogen was related to diabetic retinopathy (DR). Then, the relationship between functional indices of fibrinogen and detailed staging of DR has not been explored. Type 2 diabetic and healthy control subjects (n = 960) were recruited in a cross-sectional study.

Long noncoding RNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers for diabetes mellitus and complications: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may be associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications; however, the findings remain controversial. We aimed to synthesize the available data to assess the diagnostic utility of lncRNAs for identification of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its consequences.

Materials And Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis, searching PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for articles published from September 11, 2015 to December 27, 2022.

Predicting risk of obesity in overweight adults using interpretable machine learning algorithms.

Objective: To screen for predictive obesity factors in overweight populations using an optimal and interpretable machine learning algorithm.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2011 and January 2012. The participants were randomly selected using a simple random sampling technique.

Anti-Inflammatory Phomalones from the Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Trichobotrys effuse FS522.

Four new phomalones A-D (1-4), together with five known analogues (5-9) were isolated from the deep-sea-derived fungus Trichobotrys effuse FS522. Their structures of the new compounds established by analysis of their NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectroscopic data, and the absolute configurations of 2 was determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. compounds 4, 6 and 8 substantially inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) with IC values of 4.