Electron Delocalized Ni Active Sites in Spinel Catalysts Enable Efficient Urea Oxidation.

The urea oxidation reaction (UOR) has attracted much attention as an efficient alternative reaction to oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to its low required overpotential. Despite significant progress in efficient nickel-based catalysts, the fundamental issues regarding product selectivity control and dissociation mechanism during the UOR process have not been clarified. Here, we report that tuning the electron delocalization strength of Ni sites significantly affects the OH binding sites, altering urea molecule dissociation patterns in alkaline systems.

Neuronavigation-assisted surgical treatments for medically refractory epilepsy: Single-hospital experience with 4 surgical approaches.

Objective: Surgical treatment should be considered for patients with medically refractory epilepsy, and neuronavigation may benefit and reduce the technical difficulties during surgery. In this study, we aimed to report our single-hospital experience of incorporating neuronavigation for treating patients with medically refractory epilepsy using 4 types of surgery.

Patients And Methods: Patients who were diagnosed as medically refractory epilepsy and received neuronavigation-assisted surgery were included in this retrospective analysis.

[Delayed decompression for cauda equina syndrome secondary to lumbar disc herniation: long-term follow-up results].

Objective: To assess the impact of delayed decompression on long-term neurological and bladder function recovery in patients with cauda equina syndrome (CES) secondary to lumbar disc herniation (LDH).

Methods: The clinical data of 35 patients receiving delayed decompression surgery for CES secondary to LDH were reviewed. The bladder empty function, bowel control, sexual ability and neurological functions of the lower limbs were evaluated after the operation, and the urodynamic changes were assessed in 6 patients with urodynamic data before and after the operation.

[Expressions of inflammatory and fibrogenic factors in perinephric and subcutaneous adipose tissues of patients with adrenocorticotropic hormone-independent Cushing's syndrome].

Objective: To investigate the expressions of inflammation- and fibrosis-related genes in perinephric and subcutaneous adipose tissues in patients with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-independent Cushing's syndrome.

Methods: The perinephric and subcutaneous adipose tissues adipose tissues were obtained from 8 patients with ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome undergoing laparoscopic retroperitoneal adrenalectomy. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP-2), TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1), early growth response 1 (EGR1), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β(CEBPβ), uncoupling protein 1(UCP-1), PPARγ coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α) and cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector a (CIDEA).

Saikosaponin-d: A potential chemotherapeutics in castration resistant prostate cancer by suppressing cancer metastases and cancer stem cell phenotypes.

Androgen deprivation therapy is the gold standard regimen for advanced Prostate cancer (PCa) patients, nevertheless, patients eventually develop into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Currently only a few chemotherapeutics are available for CRPC. Therefore, it is critical for identifying a new drug.

Neuropsychological outcomes of subtemporal selective amygdalohippocampectomy via a small craniotomy.

OBJECT The objectives of this study were to describe a novel minimal-access subtemporal approach for selective resection of the amygdala and hippocampus in patients with medically refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) due to hippocampal sclerosis, and to analyze the related outcomes. METHODS The authors analyzed data from all cases involving patients with unilateral MTLE due to hippocampal sclerosis who were treated with selective amygdalohippocampectomy via the posterior subtemporal approach through a relatively small craniotomy, without a neuronavigation system, at their institution during the period from September 2010 to September 2012. Data were obtained on baseline characteristics, preoperative evaluations of unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis, surgical complications, and Engel class seizure outcomes.

Keyhole epilepsy surgery: corticoamygdalohippocampectomy for mesial temporal sclerosis.

Surgical approaches for medically refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) that previously have been reported include anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL), transcortical selective amygdalohippocampectomy, transsylvian amygdalohippocampectomy, and subtemporal amygdalohippocampectomy. Each approach has its advantages and potential pitfalls. The purpose of this report is to describe our technique of keyhole corticoamygdalohippocampectomy for patients with MTLE due to hippocampal sclerosis.

Long-term epilepsy surgery outcomes in patients with PET-positive, MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy.

This study compared the long-term efficacy of anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) for the treatment of medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in patients who presented with ipsilateral temporal PET hypometabolism and nonlesional magnetic resonance imaging (PET+/MRI-) with that in patients who had mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) on MRI. We described the electroclinical, MRI, PET, and pathological characteristics and seizure outcome of 28 PET+/MRI--patients without discordant ictal and interictal electroencephalography (EEG) who underwent ATL (2004-2007) for medically refractory partial epilepsy while avoiding intracranial monitoring. The primary outcome was the percentages of Engel Class I outcomes at 2 and 5 years of PET+/MRI--patients compared with those of patients with MTS on MRI; neuropsychological testing was used as the secondary outcome.

Intractable occipital lobe epilepsy: clinical characteristics, surgical treatment, and a systematic review of the literature.

Purpose: We reported our experience in the surgical treatment of a relatively large cohort of patients with occipital lobe epilepsy (OLE). We also carried out a systematic review of the literature on OLE.

Methods: Thirty-five consecutive patients who underwent occipital resection for epilepsy were included.

Intracranial electroencephalography with subdural and/or depth electrodes in children with epilepsy: techniques, complications, and outcomes.

Intracranial electroencephalographic monitoring with subdural and/or depth electrodes is widely used for the surgical localization of epileptic foci in patients with intractable partial epilepsy; however, data on safety and surgical outcome with this technique are still inadequate. The aims of this study were to assess the morbidity of intracranial recordings and the surgical outcomes in epileptic children. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data for 137 children with epilepsy (mean age at implantation: 12.

Disconnective surgery in posterior quadrantic epilepsy: a series of 12 paediatric patients.

Aim: To assess the surgical outcomes of temporo-parieto-occipital (TPO) and parieto-occipital (PO) disconnection surgery for children with intractable posterior quadrantic epilepsy and a unilateral posterior quadrant lesion based on MRI and functional imaging abnormality in the TPO region on one side.

Methods: A retrospective review of data of 12 children who underwent TPO or PO disconnective surgery was carried out from September 2009 to September 2012. Three-dimensional surface reconstructions of MRI scans and intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring were used during surgery.

Outcome after anterior callosal section that spares the splenium in pediatric patients with drop attacks.

We report on the efficacy and safety of extended, one-stage anterior callosal section that spares the splenium, which is performed in a large series of pediatric patients with drop attacks. Twenty-nine pediatric patients with drop attacks were studied (19 males and 10 females; mean age: 9.9 years).

[A model of multiple organ injury induced by Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia in aged rats].

Objective: To reproduce a model of bacterial multiple organ injury (MOI) in aged rats.

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used. The young rats were divided into young control group (YCG, n=10) and young model group (YMG, n=15), and the elderly, aged control group (ACG, n=10) and aged model group (AMG, n=25).

[Detection of Skp2 and p27kip1 expression in human renal cell carcinoma using tissue chip technique].

Objective: To detect the expression of skp2 and p27kip1 in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) using tissue chip technique, and evaluate the relationship between the proteins and the biological behavior of RCC.

Methods: Tissue chip technique and immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect the expression of skp2 and p27kip1 in normal and tumor tissues.

Results: The positivity rate of Skp2 in RCC was significantly higher than that in normal renal tissues (P=0.

[Effects of transurethral catheterization on uroflow rate in the pressure-flow study of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia].

Objective: To investigate the effects of transurethral catheterization on the uroflow rate in the pressure-flow study of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Methods: Thirty-nine men with BPH underwent free uroflowmetry and pressure-flow analysis respectively. With an 8 F urethral catheter, the standard pressure-flow variables such as the maximum flow rate, detrusor pressure at the maximum flow rate and so on were recorded.

[Expressions of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor in human renal cell carcinoma].

Objective: To explore the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and their relationship.

Methods: The expression of HIF-1alphaand VEGF was examined in 42 patients with renal cell carcinoma by SABC methods of immunohistochemistry.

Results: The positivity rate of HIF-1alpha was 57.

[Nephron-sparing surgery for small renal cell carcinoma: clinical analysis of 21 cases].

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effects of nephron-sparing surgery in patients with early-stage small renal cell carcinoma.

Methods: Nephron-sparing surgery was performed in 21 patients with renal cell carcinoma including 1 with solitary kidney, 3 with unilateral tumor and contralateral renal compromise, and 17 with unilateral tumor and normal contralateral kidney. The diameter of the tumors ranged from 1.

Single-donor, marginal-dose islet transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Context: Islet allografts from 2 to 4 donors can reverse type 1 diabetes. However, for islet transplants to become a widespread clinical reality, diabetes reversal must be achieved with a single donor to reduce risks and costs and increase the availability of transplantation.

Objective: To assess the safety of a single-donor, marginal-dose islet transplant protocol using potent induction immunotherapy and less diabetogenic maintenance immunosuppression in recipients with type 1 diabetes.

Improvement in islet yield from obese donors for human islet transplants.

Background: The feasibility of human islet transplantations has been firmly established. To increase the number of islet transplants, the suitability of pancreases from organ donors considered inappropriate for pancreas transplantations must be evaluated.

Methods: We isolated islets from 114 human cadaver donor pancreases by the automated Ricordi method, followed by purification using continuous-density gradients.

Caspase-3 inhibitor prevents apoptosis of human islets immediately after isolation and improves islet graft function.

Objectives: Apoptosis appears in islets after isolation, and it has a detrimental effect on the islet function. To improve the outcome of clinical islet transplantation, it is crucial to protect islets from apoptosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether a caspase-3 inhibitor (Z-DEVD-FMK) added to culture media protects islets from apoptosis and to compare the effects of fetal bovine serum (FBS) with human serum albumin (HSA) as a protein supplement in culture.