Curcumin Mitigates Muscle Atrophy Potentially by Attenuating Calcium Signaling and Inflammation in a Spinal Nerve Ligation Model.

Denervation-induced calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activation and inflammation can result in muscle atrophy. Curcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin are well known to exhibit an anti-inflammatory effect. In addition, curcumin has been shown to attenuate CaMKII activation in neuronal cells.

The Effect of Geranylgeraniol and Ginger on Satellite Cells Myogenic State in Type 2 Diabetic Rats.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with increased inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in muscles, leading to basal satellite cell (SC) myogenic impairment (i.e., reduction in SC pool), which is critical for maintaining skeletal muscle mass.

Relationships between Morning Thirst and Later Hydration Status and Total Water Intake.

To investigate the effects of thirst on later hydration status, total water intake (TWI-MA), and its potential sex differences. Twelve men (mean ± standard deviation; age: 21 ± 2 years; mass: 81.0 ± 15.

Adverse Skeletal Muscle Adaptations in Individuals Born Preterm-A Comprehensive Review.

Infants born preterm face an increased risk of deleterious effects on lung and brain health that can significantly alter long-term function and quality of life and even lead to death. Moreover, preterm birth is also associated with a heightened risk of diabetes and obesity later in life, leading to an increased risk of all-cause mortality in young adults born prematurely. While these preterm-birth-related conditions have been well characterized, less is known about the long-term effects of preterm birth on skeletal muscle health and, specifically, an individual's skeletal muscle hypertrophic potential later in life.

Eccentric muscle-damaging exercise in the heat lowers cellular stress prior to and immediately following future exertional heat exposure.

Muscle-damaging exercise (e.g., downhill running [DHR]) or heat exposure bouts potentially reduce physiological and/or cellular stress during future exertional heat exposure; however, the true extent of their combined preconditioning effects is unknown.

Ginger Supplementation Attenuated Mitochondrial Fusion and Improved Skeletal Muscle Size in Type 2 Diabetic Rats.

Background/aim: Oxidative stress, regulated by SOD2 and mitochondrial dynamics, contributes to muscle atrophy in diabetes. Ginger root extract (GRE) reduces oxidative stress. However, its effect on oxidative stress, mitochondrial dynamics, and muscle atrophy is not known in the diabetic muscle.

The weight, urine colour and thirst Venn diagram is an accurate tool compared with urinary and blood markers for hydration assessment at morning and afternoon timepoints in euhydrated and free-living individuals.

The weight, urine colour and thirst (WUT) Venn diagram is a practical hydration assessment tool; however, it has only been investigated during first-morning. This study investigated accuracy of the WUT Venn diagram at morning and afternoon timepoints compared with blood and urine markers. Twelve men (21 ± 2 years; 81·0 ± 15·9 kg) and twelve women (22 ± 3 years; 68·8 ± 15·2 kg) completed the study.

Storing urine samples with moisture preserves urine hydration marker stability up to 21 days.

Introduction: To assess hydration status, hydration markers [urine color, osmolality, and urine-specific gravity (USG)] are used. Urine color, osmolality, and USG have shown to be stable for 7, 7, and 3 days, respectively, at 4 °C. However, refrigeration could produce a dry environment which enhances evaporation and potentially affects urine hydration markers.

Alcohol, Resistance Exercise, and mTOR Pathway Signaling: An Evidence-Based Narrative Review.

Skeletal muscle mass is determined by the balance between muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and degradation. Several intracellular signaling pathways control this balance, including mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (C1). Activation of this pathway in skeletal muscle is controlled, in part, by nutrition (e.

Geranylgeraniol Supplementation Mitigates Soleus Muscle Atrophy Changes in Mitochondrial Quality in Diabetic Rats.

Background/aim: With diabetes, skeletal muscle mitochondrial quality (fusion, fission & mitophagy) and muscle mass are compromised. Geranylgeraniol (GGOH) can prevent mitochondrial damage, inflammation, and improve muscle health; however, the effect of GGOH on a diabetic model is not known. This study aimed to determine the effect of GGOH on mitochondrial quality and muscle mass in diabetic rats.

Impact of Local Vibration Training on Neuromuscular Activity, Muscle Cell, and Muscle Strength: A Review.

This paper presents a review of studies on the effects of local vibration training (LVT) on muscle strength along with the associated changes in neuromuscular and cell dynamic responses. Application of local/direct vibration can significantly change the structural properties of muscle cell and can improve muscle strength. The improvement is largely dependent on vibration parameters such as amplitude and frequency.

Sex-specific mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy response to muscle damage.

Muscle damage imposes stress on mitochondria resulting in mitochondrial fusion, fission, and mitophagy. Testosterone is a regulator of these processes. However, no study has examined the effect of sex-specific resistance exercise (RE)-induced hormonal response on mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy after muscle damage in untrained men and women.

Tai Chi Improves Brain Functional Connectivity and Plasma Lysophosphatidylcholines in Postmenopausal Women With Knee Osteoarthritis: An Exploratory Pilot Study.

A pre/post pilot study was designed to investigate neurobiological mechanisms and plasma metabolites in an 8-week Tai-Chi (TC) group intervention in subjects with knee osteoarthritis. Twelve postmenopausal women underwent Tai-Chi group exercise for 8 weeks (60 min/session, three times/week). Outcomes were measured before and after Tai Chi intervention including pain intensity (VAS), Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), plasma metabolites (amino acids and lipids), as well as resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI, 10 min, eyes open), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI, 12 min), and structural MRI (4.

Differential Autophagy Response in Men and Women After Muscle Damage.

Following muscle damage, autophagy is crucial for muscle regeneration. Hormones (e.g.

Sex Dimorphism in Muscle Damage-induced Inflammation.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of resistance exercise (RE)-induced hormonal changes on intramuscular cytokine gene expression after muscle damage in untrained men and women.

Methods: Men (n = 8, 22 ± 3 yr) and women (n = 8, 19 ± 1 yr) completed two sessions of 80 unilateral maximal eccentric knee extensions followed by either an upper body RE bout (EX) or a time-matched period (CON). Muscle samples (vastus laterals) were analyzed for mRNA expression of interleukin (IL) 6, IL-10, IL-15, TNFA, TGFB, CCL2, and CD68 at PRE, 12 h, and 24 h after the session.

Effect of rest period configurations on systemic inflammatory response in resistance-trained women.

This investigation examined the effect of rest- redistribution (RR) on the circulating cytokine response to resistance exercise in resistance- trained women. Participants (n = 13; 24 ± 4y; 65.0 ± 10.

Impacts of Green Tea on Joint and Skeletal Muscle Health: Prospects of Translational Nutrition.

Osteoarthritis and sarcopenia are two major joint and skeletal muscle diseases prevalent during aging. Osteoarthritis is a multifactorial progressive degenerative and inflammatory disorder of articular cartilage. Cartilage protection and pain management are the two most important strategies in the management of osteoarthritis.

Resistance exercise-induced hormonal response promotes satellite cell proliferation in untrained men but not in women.

The purpose of this work was to determine the effect of resistance exercise (RE)-induced hormonal changes on the satellite cell (SC) myogenic state in response to muscle damage. Untrained men ( = 10, 22 ± 3 yr) and women ( = 9, 21 ± 4 yr) completed 2 sessions of 80 unilateral maximal eccentric knee extensions followed by either an upper body RE protocol (EX) or a 20-min rest (CON). Muscle samples were collected and analyzed for protein content of Pax7, MyoD, myogenin, cyclin D1, and p21 before (PRE), 12 h, and 24 h after the session was completed.

Effect of alcohol after muscle-damaging resistance exercise on muscular performance recovery and inflammatory capacity in women.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of acute alcohol consumption on muscular performance recovery, assessed by maximal torque production, and on inflammatory capacity, assessed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cytokine production, following muscle-damaging resistance exercise in women.

Methods: Thirteen recreationally resistance-trained women completed two identical exercise bouts (300 maximal single-leg eccentric leg extensions) followed by alcohol (1.09 g ethanol kg fat-free body mass) or placebo ingestion.

Using image-based flow cytometry to monitor satellite cells proliferation and differentiation in vitro.

Muscle satellite cells can proliferate and differentiate into myocytes; this biological function has important implications for muscle development, aging, repair, and wasting diseases. Established analytical methods, including western blotting, PCR, and immunohistochemistry, has been used to characterize the stages of satellite cells growth and development but there is currently a lack of methods to simultaneously monitor cell proliferation and identify changes in cell properties (i.e.

Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine responses to a 164-km road cycle ride in a hot environment.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the circulating cytokine response to a recreational 164-km road cycling event in a high ambient temperature and to determine if this response was affected by self-paced exercise time to completion.

Methods: Thirty-five men and five women were divided into tertiles based on time to complete the cycling event: slowest (SLOW), moderate (MOD), and fastest (FAST) finishers. Plasma samples were obtained 1-2 h before (PRE) and immediately after (IP) the event.

Acute Effect of Whole-Body Vibration Warm-up on Footspeed Quickness.

Donahue, RB, Vingren, JL, Duplanty, AA, Levitt, DE, Luk, H-Y, and Kraemer, WJ. Acute effect of whole-body vibration warm-up on footspeed quickness. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2286-2291, 2016-The warm-up routine preceding a training or athletic event can affect the performance during that event.

Leukocyte Subset Changes in Response to a 164-km Road Cycle Ride in a Hot Environment.

The purpose of this observational study was to determine the circulating leukocyte subset response to completing the 2013 Hotter'N Hell Hundred recreational 164-km road cycle event in a hot and humid environmental condition. Twenty-eight men and four women were included in this study. Whole blood samples were obtained 1-2 hours before (PRE) and immediately after (POST) the event.

The effects of a roundtrip trans-American jet travel on physiological stress, neuromuscular performance, and recovery.

The purpose was to examine the effects of a round trip trans-American jet travel on performance, hormonal alterations, and recovery. Ten matched pairs of recreationally trained men were randomized to either a compression group (COMP) (n = 10; age: 23.1 ± 2.

The effect of post‑resistance exercise alcohol ingestion on lipopolysaccharide‑stimulated cytokines.

Purpose: To examine the effect of post-resistance exercise alcohol ingestion on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated production of IFNγ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10.

Methods: Recreationally resistance-trained men (n = 10, 25 ± 3 year, 177 ± 7 cm, 83.8 ± 15.