Establishment of Cephalic Index by Computed Tomography in Sampled Chinese Children.

Objective: Cephalic Index (CI), the ratio of head width to length, is one of the indexes reflecting cranial morphological characteristics. Current norms were established by European and American countries. The purpose of the study was to study anthropometry of cranial parameters using computed tomography scans to establish the CI of the sampled Chinese Children.

Anti-inflammatory Therapy Progress in Major Adverse Cardiac Events after PCI: Chinese and Western Medicine.

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the leading causes of death in cardiovascular disease. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is an important method for the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD), and it has greatly reduced the mortality of ACS patients since its application. However, a series of new problems may occur after PCI, such as in-stent restenosis, no-reflow phenomenon, in-stent neoatherosclerosis, late stent thrombosis, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and malignant ventricular arrhythmias, which result in the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) that seriously reduce the postoperative benefit for patients.

Antinociceptive C-diterpenoid alkaloids from the root of .

A chemical investigation on the roots of afforded three undescribed aconitine-type C-diterpenoid alkaloids, episcopalines A-C (). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis (NMR, IR, UV, and MS). The isolated alkaloids were tested for their antinociceptive properties.

[Terpenoids isolated from Viburnum ternatum].

Four iridoids (1-4), five iridoid glucosides (5-9), and three triterpenoids (10-12) were isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of 70% Me2CO extract of the aerial parts of Viburnum ternatum through various column chromatographies over silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and MCI. Their structures were elucidated as ternatumin A (1), 2,9-dioxatricyclo[4.3.

NOD2-mediated innate immune signaling regulates the eicosanoids in atherosclerosis.

Objective: The activity of eicosanoid pathways is critical to the inflammatory and immune responses that are associated with the progression of atherosclerosis. Yet, the signals that regulate these pathways are poorly understood. Here, we address whether the innate immune signals of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein (NOD) 2 affect eicosanoids metabolism in atherosclerosis.

[The role of NO resulted from neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the metabotropic glutamate receptor2/3 mediated-brain ischemic tolerance].

Aim: To explore the role of nitric oxide (NO) resulted from nNOS in the mGluR2/3 mediated-brain ischemic tolerance induced by cerebral ischemic preconditioning (CIP), the present study is undertaken to observe the influences of alpha-methyl-(4-tetrazolyl-phenyl) glycine (MTPG), an antagonist of mGluR2/3, on the expression of nNOS during the induction of the brain ischemic tolerance based on confirming the blocking effect of MTPG on the induction of the tolerance.

Methods: Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats, whose vertebral arteries were permanently occluded, were randomly divided into sham, CIP, ischemic insult, CIP+ ischemic insult, MTPG+ CIP and MTPG+ CIP+ ischemic insult groups. Thionin staining and immunohistochemistry were used for neuropathological evaluation and assay of nNOS expression in the hippocampal CA1 subregion of the rats.

[Longitudinal variation of heavy metals contents in topsoil covered with different vegetation in gully area].

This paper, taking the Mengjia River gully area of Junzilan Park in Changchun City of Jilin Province as an example, studied the longitudinal differentiation regularity of heavy metals in topsoil covered with different vegetation in gully area. The soil samples were collected from the gully slope, 2 m away from the gully bank, covered with arbor, shrub, vegetable and barren land along longitudinal profile in parallel with the flow direction, which was used to analyze the contents of Zn, Pb and Cu in the topsoil. The results indicate that the contents of these heavy metals have obvious difference.

Effect of compound EXP-2528 on angiotensin II-induced E-selectin and VCAM-1 expression in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells in vitro.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect and mechanism of angiotensin (Ang) II on E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) and evaluate the effect of compound EXP-2528, a novel Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist. The experiment was performed in cultured BMEC of rat. The mRNA and protein expression of E-selectin and VCAM-1 in BMEC was analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively.

Nitric oxide participates in the induction of brain ischemic tolerance via activating ERK1/2 signaling pathways.

The present study was undertaken to observe in vivo changes of expression and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 proteins during brain ischemic preconditioning and effects of inhibiting generation of nitric oxide (NO) on the changes to determine the role of ERKs in the involvement of NO participating in the acquired tolerance. Fifty-five Wistar rats were used. Brain ischemic preconditioning was performed with four-vessel occlusion for 3 min.

[Protective effects of hydroxyethylpuerarin against brain astrocytes injury induced by hydrogen peroxide].

Aim: To study the protective effects of hydroxyethylpuerarin against the injury of astrocytes induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).

Methods: Experiments were performed with cells from passage 4. Plasma membrane integrity was measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release.

[The effect of time parameters of cerebral ischemic preconditioning on its protective effect against global cerebral ischemic injury in rats].

Aim: To investigate the effects of the duration of cerebral ischemic preconditioning(CIP) and interval between CIP and the subsequent ischemic insult on the protection of CIP against delayed neuronal death (DND) in the CA1 hippocampus normally induced by brain ischemic insult.

Methods: Four-vessel occlusion cerebral ischemic model of rats (54) was used. The brain of the rats was sectioned and stained with thionin to show DND in the CA1 hippocampus.

Angiotensin II stimulates intercellular adhesion molecule-1 via an AT1 receptor/nuclear factor-kappaB pathway in brain microvascular endothelial cells.

Microvascular changes in the brain are significant causes of cerebral edema and ischemia injury. A number of studies suggest that angiotensin (Ang) II may be involved in the initiation and regulation of processes occurring in brain ischemia. We recently reported that Ang II injures brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) partially via stimulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression.

Protective effects of hydroxyethylpuerarin on cultured bovine cerebral microvascular endothelial cells damaged by hydrogen peroxide.

Aim: To observe the damages induced by hydrogen peroxide in cultured bovine cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (BCMEC) and evaluate the protective effects of hydroxyethylpuerarin on hydrogen peroxide-injured BCMEC.

Methods: BCMEC were cultured and transferred into modified Eagle medium (MEM). The viability of cells was detected by MTT assay.

Serratane-type triterpenoids from Huperzia serrata.

Sixteen serratane-type triterpenoids including three new compounds, 14beta,15beta-epoxyserratan-3beta,21beta,29-triol (1), serrat-14-en-3beta,21beta,29-triol (2) and serrat-14-en-3alpha,21beta,24,29-tetraol (3), were isolated from the whole plant of Huperzia serrata (Thunb) Trev. The structures of these new compounds (1-3) were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis.

Limb ischemic preconditioning attenuates apoptosis of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 hippocampus induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of limb ischemic preconditioning (LIP) on apoptosis of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 hippocampus induced by global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Forty-six rats whose bilateral vertebral arteries were occluded permanently were assigned to one of four groups: sham group, limb ischemia group, cerebral ischemia group and LIP group. LIP was performed by occluding the bilateral femoral arteries for 10 min 3 times in an interval of 10 min.

A short cerebral ischemic preconditioning up-regulates adenosine receptors in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats.

Pharmacologically blocking or stimulating studies have showed the crucial role of adenosine receptors in the protective effect of cerebral ischemic preconditioning (CIP). However, little is know about whether the adenosine receptors are up-regulated in the process. In the present study, changes in expression of adenosine receptors in the CA1 hippocampus after a short CIP in a period of 3 min were investigated in rat four-vessel occluding (4VO) brain ischemic model using immunohistochemistry.

[Limb ischemic preconditioning decreases hippocampal ischemia/reperfusion injuries in rats].

Aim: To explore the effects of limb ischemic preconditioning (LIP) on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injuries.

Methods: Thirty six wistar rats, of which bilateral vertebral arteries were occluded permanently, were randomly divided into the following 6 groups: control group, cerebral ischemic group, limb ischemic group, LIP 0 d group (cerebral ischemia was given immediately after LIP), LIP 1 d group (cerebral ischemia was given 1 d after LIP) and LIP 2 d group (cerebral ischemia was given 2 d after LIP). Global cerebral ischemia was performed by four vessels occlusion in rats.

[Effects of alpha-methyl-(4-tetrazolyl-phenyl) glycine on the induction of hippocampal ischemic tolerance in the rat].

To explore the role of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2/3 mGluR 2/3 in the induction of brain ischemic tolerance (BIT), the influences of mGluR2/3 antagonist alpha-methyl-(4-tetrazolyl-phenyl) glycine (MTPG) on the induction of BIT and expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the hippocampus were observed using thionin staining and GFAP immunohistochemical staining in a rat brain ischemic model with four-vessel occlusion (4VO). Fifty-four rats, of which bilateral vertebral arteries were occluded permanently by electrocautery, were divided into 5 groups: (1) sham operated group (n=8): the bilateral carotid common arteries (BCCA) were separated, but the blood flow was not blocked; (2) ischemia group (n=8): the blood flow of BCCA was blocked for 8 min; (3) ischemic preconditioning (IP) group (n=8): the blood flow of BCCA was occluded for 3 min as a cerebral ischemic preconditioning (CIP), and then the rats were exposed to an 8-min brain ischemic insult 24 h after the CIP; (4) MTPG+IP group (n=22): MTPG was administered 20 min before the CIP, then the rats were exposed to an 8-min brain ischemia insult 24 h after the CIP. In order to examine dosage dependency in the effect of MTPG, 4 dosages of MTPG (0.

[Effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME on the induction of brain ischemic tolerance in rats].

To explore the role of NO in the induction of brain ischemic tolerance (BIT) in vivo, the effect of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME on the induction of BIT induced by cerebral ischemic preconditioning (CIP) was investigated in the hippocampal CA1 subfield in CIP and ischemic insult models established by rat four-vessel occlusion using brain tissue section and thionine staining methods. Fifty-four male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: (1) sham-operated group (n=6): bilateral common arteries were separated without occluding the cerebral blood flow; (2) ischemia group (n=6): an ischemic insult for 10 min was given; (3) CIP+ischemia group (n=6): 3-min CIP was preformed 72 h prior to 10-min ischemic insult; (4) L-NAME group (total n=24, n=6 for each subgroup): L-NAME (5 mg/kg, i.p.

[Effects of the metabotropic glutamate receptor ligand(s)-4C3HPG on the induction of brain ischemic tolerance in the rat].

Aim: To explore roles of metabotropic glutamate receptor1/5 (mGluR1/5) in the induction of brain ischemic tolerance (BIT) induced by cerebral ischemic preconditioning (CIP), influences of mGluR1/5 ligand (s)-4-carboxy-3-hydroxy- phenylglycine ((s)-4C3HPG) on the induction of BIT and expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the hippocampus were observed.

Methods: Thionin staining and GFAP immunohistochemistry staining in rat 4 vessel occlusion (4VO) brain ischemic model was used. Thirty-six rats, of which bilateral vertebral arteries were occluded permanently by electrocautery, were divided into the following 4 groups: sham group; ischemic insult group, BIT group and (s)-4C3HPG group.