Two new isoxazolines from the husks of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.

Two new isoxazoline compounds, 1-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.5]dec-2-ene-8β-ol (1) and 1-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.5]dec-2-ene-8α-ol (2), were isolated from the husks of fruits of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge and their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses, including X-ray crystallography, HRESI-MS, UV, IR, and 1D and 2D NMR (HSQC, HMBC, NOESY) methods.

Neuroprotective effects of protocatechuic aldehyde against neurotoxin-induced cellular and animal models of Parkinson's disease.

Protocatechuic aldehyde (PAL) has been reported to bind to DJ-1, a key protein involved in Parkinson's disease (PD), and exerts potential neuroprotective effects via DJ-1 in SH-SY5Y cells. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective pharmacological effects of PAL against neurotoxin-induced cell and animal models of PD. In cellular models of PD, PAL markedly increased cell viability rates, mitochondrial oxidation-reduction activity and mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced intracellular ROS levels to prevent neurotoxicity in PC12 cells.

Treatment responses of procaterol and CD38 inhibitors in an ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness mice model.

Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airway inflammation are key pathophysiological features of many respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To evaluate the treatment responses of procaterol and CD38 inhibitors in an ozone-induced AHR mice model, we hypothesized that procaterol and two synthetic CD38 inhibitors (Compounds T and H) might have therapeutic effects on the ozone-induced AHR mice model, and the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway and the CD38 enzymatic activity might be involved in the mechanisms. With the exception of the Control group, ozone exposure was used to establish an AHR model.