The ratio of thioredoxin/Keap1 protein level is a predictor of distant metastasis in colorectal cancer.

Aim: Thioredoxin can reduce the cysteine group of Keap1 which could induce proteasome degradation of Nrf2, PGAM5 and Bcl-xL. Nrf2 regulates redox balance and Bcl-xL is anti-apoptotic and both are important in tumor progression.

Methods: The protein levels of Keap1, thioredoxin, PGAM5 and Bcl-xL in the normal and tumor tissues of 64 subjects with colorectal cancer (CRC) were determined by western blot.

The Ratio of Hmox1/Nrf2 mRNA Level in the Tumor Tissue Is a Predictor of Distant Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer.

Heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1) plays an important role in the growth and spread of tumor, and its expression is regulated positively by Nrf2 [nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2; NFE2L2] and negatively by kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and by BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1). Both Hmox1 and Nrf2 contribute to distant metastasis of cancer. The mRNA levels of Hmox1, Nrf2, Keap1, and Bach1 in the tumor and normal tissues of 84 subjects with colorectal cancer (CRC) were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

IFNAR1 is a predictor for overall survival in colorectal cancer and its mRNA expression correlated with IRF7 but not TLR9.

Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 plays a role in intestinal inflammation that, in turn, is related to the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer. Nuclear factor κB (NFκB), and interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 5 and IRF7 can be activated by TLR9 and induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferon, respectively. This study investigated the mRNA expressions of TLR9 and its downstream signaling molecules in both the tumor and the normal tissues of colorectal cancer.

Immunohistochemical study of the Nrf2 pathway in colorectal cancer: Nrf2 expression is closely correlated to Keap1 in the tumor and Bach1 in the normal tissue.

Oxidative stress is a contributing factor in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer. The Nrf2 [nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2; NFE2L2] pathway is one of the major cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. This study investigated the expression of the Nrf2 pathway in colorectal cancer.

Dual-colour chromogenic in-situ hybridization is a potential alternative to fluorescence in-situ hybridization in HER2 testing.

Aim: Dual-colour chromogenic in-situ hybridization (dc-CISH) is an emerging methodology for characterizing genomic alterations. This study was aimed at evaluating the performance of a dc-CISH kit (ZytoVision) in determining human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status in breast cancer.

Methods And Results: Two hundred and twenty-eight invasive breast carcinomas arranged in tissue microarrays were analysed in parallel with dc-CISH, fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH), and immunohistochemistry.

De novo malignant solitary fibrous tumor of the kidney.

The kidney is a relatively infrequent site for solitary fibrous tumor (SFT). Among the previously reported cases, only two cases of malignant renal SFT developing via dedifferentiation from a pre-existing benign SFT have been reported. Here we reported a case of de novo malignant renal SFT clinically diagnosed as renal cell carcinoma in a 50-year-old woman.