Spatial Variation in Food Web Structures, Energy Flows, and System Attributes Along the Pearl River and Their Indications of Protection and Restoration.

River ecosystems are facing significant degradation from human activities, which impact both biotic (e.g., fish and invertebrates) and abiotic components (e.

Correlations Between Skin Barrier Integrity and Delivery of Hydrophilic Molecules in the Presence of Penetration Enhancers.

Purpose: We investigated the potential correlations between skin barrier integrity and hydrophilic drugs distribution in skin in the presence of different types of penetration enhancers (PEs) and their combinations.

Methods: We measured skin conductivity to evaluate skin barrier integrity before and after the topical application of different chemical PEs, physical PE, peptide PE and their combinations in vitro. We also investigated their effect on the skin distribution profiles of two hydrophilic model drugs, Fluorescein sodium (376 Da) and Fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextrans 10 (10 KDa).

Skin Delivery of siRNA Using Sponge Spicules in Combination with Cationic Flexible Liposomes.

We report the topical administration of sponge Haliclona sp. Spicules (SHS) combined with cationic flexible liposomes (CFL) to increase the delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) into viable skin cells in vitro and in vivo. SHS can be applied topically as novel microneedles to overcome skin barrier by creating plenty of new microchannels in stratum corneum.