Mechanosynthesis of Pyrrole-2-carboxylic Acids via Copper-Catalyzed Spiroannulation/Ring-Opening Aromatization of 4-Arylidene Isoxazol-5-ones with Enamino Esters.

An efficient and practical tandem reaction of 4-arylidene isoxazol-5-ones with enamino esters catalyzed by an inexpensive copper salt has been established in a ball mill. This innovative approach yields a diverse array of structurally novel pyrrole-2-carboxylic acids, showing excellent tolerance toward different functional groups. By integrating spiroannulation and ring-opening aromatization processes, this protocol introduces a facile and cost-effective strategy for synthesizing highly functionalized pyrrole derivatives.

Value of Visceral Fat Area and Resting Energy Expenditure in Assessment of Metabolic Characteristics in Obese and Lean Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Background: The high prevalence and incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have become a global medical concern. Compared with obesity, metabolic abnormalities may be more critical. Currently, there is lack of relevant data for nutritional status and energy metabolic characteristics in patients with obese and lean NAFLD.

Water-Soluble C Protects Against Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrotic interstitial pneumonia. And, oxidation/antioxidant imbalance plays an important role in the progress of IPF. Fullerene is considered to be a novel "structural" antioxidant.

Attributable causes of esophageal cancer incidence and mortality in China.

Background: To estimate the contribution of tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, low vegetable intake and low fruit intake to esophageal cancer mortality and incidence in China.

Methodology/principal Findings: We calculated the proportion of esophageal cancer attributable to four known modifiable risk factors [population attributable fraction (PAF)]. Exposure data was taken from meta-analyses and large-scale national surveys of representative samples of the Chinese population.

[The application of guided bone regeneration technique in the restoration of maxillary lateral incisor with bone defect].

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and the satisfaction on aesthetic effectiveness of application of guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique in maxillary lateral incisor implant site.

Methods: Ninety patients were selected who only lost maxillary lateral incisor and placed with 101 implants(the implant systems were 3i, Osstem, ITI, Ankylos, BLB). The final restorations were porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns.

Analysis on the imaging features of AIDS with pulmonary fungal infection.

Background: Pulmonary fungal infection is one type of the common opportunistic infections in AIDS patients. The disease is hard to diagnose because of its complicated imaging features. The objective of this study was to investigate the imaging performance characteristics of pulmonary fungal infection in AIDS patients.

Attributable causes of lung cancer incidence and mortality in China.

The aims of our study were to estimate the contribution of known lung cancer risk factors, and provide evidence to support the National Cancer Prevention and Control Program in China. We calculated the proportion of lung cancer attributable to specific risk factors. Data on exposure prevalence were from meta-analyses and large-scale national surveys of representative samples of the Chinese population.

Attributable causes of cancer in china: fruit and vegetable.

Objective: To provide an evidence-based and consistent assessment of the burden of cancer attributable to inadequate fruit and vegetable intake in China in 2005.

Methods: The proportions of cancers attributable to low consumption of vegetable and fruit were calculated separately to estimate the burden of related cancers for the year 2005 in China. Data on the prevalence of exposure were derived from a Chinese nutrition and health survey.

[Clinical study of osteotome sinus floor elevation without grafting and with simultaneous implants placement].

Objective: To investigate the clinical results of osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) without grafting combined with simultaneous implant placement.

Methods: A total of 65 patients underwent maxillary sinus floor elevation from alveolus without any bone grafting from January 2000 to December 2008 and 96 implants were placed in the maxillary posterior edentulous region simultaneously. Clinical and radiography examinations were performed.

Effects of a regional Chinese diet and its vitamin supplementation on proliferation of human esophageal cancer cell lines.

Objective: To study the effects of a local diet popular in Yanting region (YT diet) on the proliferation of two human cell lines (Eca-109 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma line and HL7702 normal liver epithelial cell line) in rats by a sero-physiological approach.

Methods: Male SD rats were divided into six groups and fed respectively with a conventional diet and the YT diet (one of the five experimental diets) supplemented with two vitamin mixtures (Mix. 1: vitamins A, E, and folic acid; Mix.

[Effect of selenium and zinc on the proliferation of human esophageal cancer Eca109 cell line in vitro].

Objective: To observe the effect of selenium and zinc alone or in combination on the growth and proliferation of human esophageal cancer Eca109 cell line in vitro.

Methods: Different doses of sodium selenite and zinc sulfate were added into the culture medium of Eca109 cells and normal liver epithelial HL7702 cells (control), and the changes in the cell growth were assessed by means of cell growth curve, (3)H-thymidine incorporation assay and flow cytometry.

Results: High-concentration selenium (0.

[Effect of two different desensitizers on bond strength of dentin bonding agents].

Objective: To evaluate the bond strength of total-etch or self-etch dentin bonding agents after using two different dentin desensitizers on exposed dentin and investigate the bond interface by scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Methods: Thirty intact and non-carious human third molars were used. The occlusal enamel was removed with the use of a slow-speed saw under water cooling.