Identification of the AHP family reveals their critical response to cytokinin regulation during adventitious root formation in apple rootstock.

Adventitious root (AR) formation is a bottleneck for vegetative proliferation. In this study, 13 AHP genes (MdAHPs) were identified in the apple genome. Phylogenetic analysis grouped them into 3 clusters (I, II, III), with 4, 4, and 5 genes respectively.

Mdm-MIR393b-mediated adventitious root formation by targeted regulation of MdTIR1A expression and weakened sensitivity to auxin in apple rootstock.

Adventitious root (AR) formation is of great significance for apple rootstock breeding. It is widely accepted that miR393 influences AR formation in many plant species; however, the molecular mechanism by which factors regulate AR formation remains insufficient. In this study, the evolutionary relationship of mdm-miR393 and candidate target genes MdTIR1/AFB was systematically identified, and the expression patterns were analysed.