Advancements in nanohydroxyapatite: synthesis, biomedical applications and composite developments.

Nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) is distinguished by its exceptional biocompatibility, bioactivity and biodegradability, qualities attributed to its similarity to the mineral component of human bone. This review discusses the synthesis techniques of nHA, highlighting how these methods shape its physicochemical attributes and, in turn, its utility in biomedical applications. The versatility of nHA is further enhanced by doping with biologically significant ions like magnesium or zinc, which can improve its bioactivity and confer therapeutic properties.

The impact of the triglyceride-glucose index on the deterioration of kidney function in patients with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: insight from a large cohort study in China.

Background: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has emerged as a credible surrogate indicator of insulin resistance in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the TyG index and the deterioration of kidney function in patients with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study from China, 27,407 hospitalized patients with stage 1-4 CKM syndrome were consecutively included.

Positive feedback between arginine methylation of YAP and methionine transporter SLC43A2 drives anticancer drug resistance.

Yes-associated protein (YAP) activation confers resistance to chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Methionine participates in cellular processes by converting to methyl donor for the methylation of DNA, RNA and protein. However, it remains unclear whether methionine affects drug resistance by influencing YAP activity.

Pd/Brønsted Acid Co-catalyzed Dehydrative Coupling of Propargylic Alcohols with Diarylphosphine Oxides.

An efficient dehydrative coupling of propargylic alcohols with diarylphosphine oxides to construct tetrasubstituted allenylphosphoryl compounds in the presence of a Pd/Brønsted acid co-catalyst has been developed. As a benefit from the use of a Brønsted acid, this reaction could perform under mild conditions with excellent yields, accommodating a wide range of functional groups. The potential utility of this method has also been demonstrated.

Highly Efficient Delivery of Novel MiR-13896 by Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Inhibits Gastric Cancer Progression by Targeting ATG2A-Mediated Autophagy.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite recent advancements, clinical outcomes for GC remain unsatisfactory. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown promise in inhibiting tumor progression, but their role in GC, specifically human umbilical cord MSC-derived small EVs (hucMSC-sEVs), is not well understood.

Specific Transcriptional Regulation Controls Plant Organ-Specific Infection by the Oomycete Pathogen Phytophthora sojae.

The organs of a plant species vary in cell structure, metabolism and defence responses. However, the mechanisms that enable a single pathogen to colonise different plant organs remain unclear. Here we compared the transcriptome of the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae during infection of roots versus leaves of soybeans.

Emerging advanced approaches for liquid biopsy: nucleic acid assays of extracellular vesicles.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as valuable biomarkers in liquid biopsies owing to their stability, accessibility, and ability to encapsulate nucleic acids. The majority of existing methodologies for detecting EV nucleic acid biomarkers require the lysis of EVs to extract DNA or RNA. This process is labor-intensive and may lead to the loss and degradation of nucleic acids.

Elucidating the hydrochemistry and REE evolution of surface water and groundwater affected by acid mine drainage.

The impact of pyrite mining on water quality is a global concern. This study investigates the impact of acid mine drainage (AMD) from an abandoned pyrite mine in the Qinling Mountains on surface and groundwater hydrochemistry and rare earth elements (REEs) evolution. A total of 54 water samples were collected in 2021, of which the Muzi River downstream of the mining area was repeated three times in three sampling periods.

Engineered Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications in Kidney Repair.

Kidney diseases are characterized by their intricate nature and complexity, posing significant challenges in their treatment and diagnosis. Nanoparticles (NPs), which can be further classified as synthetic and biomimetic NPs, have emerged as promising candidates for treating various diseases. In recent years, the development of engineered nanotherapeutics has focused on targeting damaged tissues and serving as drug delivery vehicles.

Robust unrolled network for lensless imaging with enhanced resistance to model mismatch and noise.

Lensless imaging has gained popularity in various applications due to its user-friendly nature, cost-effectiveness, and compact design. However, achieving high-quality image reconstruction within this framework remains a significant challenge. Lensless imaging measurements are associated with distinct point spread functions (PSFs), resulting in many PSFs introducing artifacts into the underlying physical model.

Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations of Serum LRG1 with Severity and Prognosis Among Adult Community-Acquired Pneumonia Patients.

Background: Leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is associated with various inflammatory lung diseases. Nevertheless, the connection between LRG1 and adult community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) individuals was still not well understood. Through a prospective cohort study, the correlations of serum LRG1 with severity and prognosis were evaluated in CAP patients.

White Matter Lesions, Risk Factors, and Etiological Classification in Young versus Old Cerebral Infarction Patients: A Retrospective Study.

Objective: To compare the differences in risk factors and etiological classification between cerebral infarction in young patients and elderly patients, and explore the correlation between cerebral infarction in young patients and white matter lesions (WMLs).

Methods: Sixty young patients with cerebral infarction and 142 elderly patients with cerebral infarction were included. The distributions of risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, migraine status, and WMLs in the two groups were carefully investigated and statistically analyzed.

Mesenchymal stromal cells-derived small extracellular vesicles protect against UV-induced photoaging via regulating pregnancy zone protein.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the primary extrinsic factor in skin aging, contributing to skin photoaging, actinic keratosis (AK), and even squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Currently, the beneficial role of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) in cutaneous wound healing has been widely reported, but the field of photoaging remains to be explored. Our results suggested that human umbilical cord MSC-derived sEVs (hucMSC-sEVs) intervention could effectively alleviate skin photoaging phenotypes in vivo and in vitro, including ameliorating UV-induced histopathological changes in the skin and inhibiting oxidative stress and collagen degradation in dermal fibroblasts (DFs).

Natural killer cell-based cancer immunotherapy: from basics to clinical trials.

Cellular immunotherapy exploits the capacity of the human immune system in self-protection and surveillance to achieve the anti-tumor effects. Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of innate immune system and they display a unique inherent ability to identify and eliminate tumor cells. In this review, we first introduce the basic characteristics of NK cells in the physiological and pathological milieus, followed by a discussion of their effector function and immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment.

PPARγ and C/EBPα enable adipocyte differentiation upon inhibition of histone methyltransferase PRC2 in malignant tumors.

Loss of terminal differentiation is a hallmark of cancer and offers a potential mechanism for differentiation therapy. Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) serves as the methyltransferase for K27 of histone H3 that is crucial in development. While PRC2 inhibitors show promise in treating various cancers, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood.

The role of m6A modified circ0049271 induced by MNNG in precancerous lesions of gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant cancer with the highest global rates of morbidity and death. Dietary factors have a close relationship with the occurrence of GC. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) and N6-methyladenine (m6A) are important factors in the onset and progression of GC and other malignancies.

GAD-PVI: A General Accelerated Dynamic-Weight Particle-Based Variational Inference Framework.

Particle-based Variational Inference (ParVI) methods have been widely adopted in deep Bayesian inference tasks such as Bayesian neural networks or Gaussian Processes, owing to their efficiency in generating high-quality samples given the score of the target distribution. Typically, ParVI methods evolve a weighted-particle system by approximating the first-order Wasserstein gradient flow to reduce the dissimilarity between the particle system's empirical distribution and the target distribution. Recent advancements in ParVI have explored sophisticated gradient flows to obtain refined particle systems with either accelerated position updates or dynamic weight adjustments.

Impact of floods on the environment: A review of indicators, influencing factors, and evaluation methods.

Floods have a wide range of environmental effects. However, owing to the complex composition of the environment and the numerous factors influencing environmental flood risk, few studies have systematically analyzed the impact of floods on the environment. After reviewing the various impacts of floods on the environment, we summarized them into four indicators (water pollution, erosion and deposition, biomass impact, and biodiversity impact) and analyzed the interrelationships between the four indicators.

Extracellular vesicles: opening up a new perspective for the diagnosis and treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction.

Mitochondria are crucial organelles responsible for energy generation in eukaryotic cells. Oxidative stress, calcium disorders, and mitochondrial DNA abnormalities can all cause mitochondrial dysfunction. It is now well documented that mitochondrial dysfunction significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of numerous illnesses.

Stabilizing Interlayer Repulsion in Layered Sodium-Ion Oxide Cathodes via Hierarchical Layer Modification.

Layered sodium-ion oxides hold considerable promise in achieving high-performance sodium-ion batteries. However, the notorious phase transformation during charging, attributed to increased O─O repulsion, results in substantial performance decay. Here, a hierarchical layer modification strategy is proposed to stabilize interlayer repulsion.

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis via the miR-13474/ADAM17 axis.

Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is a prevalent consequence of chronic renal diseases, characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17), a transmembrane metalloproteinase, plays a central role in driving renal fibrosis progression by activating Notch 1 protein and the downstream TGF-β signaling pathway. Our study investigated potential therapeutic interventions for renal fibrosis, focusing on human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (hucMSC-EVs).