Role of in Stress Tolerance and Adhesion Ability in KLDS1.0391.

, a probiotic, has a high survival rate and high colonization ability in the gastrointestinal tract. Tolerance to the gastrointestinal environment and adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells by some species (excluding ) are related to /AI-2. Here, the role of in tolerance to simulated digestive juice (SDJ) and adhesion to Caco-2 cells by KLDS1.

T-2 toxin induces apoptosis via the Bax-dependent caspase-3 activation in mouse primary Leydig cells.

To explore the toxic effect of T-2 toxin on mouse Leydig cells and its underlying molecular mechanisms, we isolated Leydig cells from mature mice, set-up Leydig cells culture, treated cells with T-2 toxin, evaluated cell proliferation, detected the caspase-3 activity, mitochondrial activity and apoptosis rate, and measured the mRNA levels of Bcl-2, Bax, PARP and caspase-3. T-2 toxin inhibited cell proliferation at concentrations higher than 10 M or time more than 12 h, T-2 toxin also decreased Bcl-2 expression at the mRNA levels and mitochondrial activity at concentrations higher than 10 M. While, T-2 toxin increased the mRNA expressions of Bax and PARP at concentrations higher than 10 M and 10 M, respectively, triggered mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, activated downstream caspase-3, and then increased caspase-3 at the activity and mRNA levels at concentrations higher than 10 M.