Soluble epoxide hydrolase deletion rescues behavioral and synaptic deficits by AMPK-mTOR pathway in autism animals.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social defects often accompanied with emotional comorbidities. Aberrations in synaptic function and plasticity are the core feature in the pathophysiology of ASD. Targeting soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) has been found to exert protection in a wide-range of pathological conditions.

Association between untreated caries and cariogenic bacteria in adolescents in Taiwan.

Background/purpose: There is a paucity of research focused on salivary bacteria analyzed through real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) among adolescents. The current study determined the quantity of (SM) and (LB) in saliva obtained from Taiwanese adolescents and investigated the association between the oral bacteria and untreated dental caries.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited Taiwanese students aged 10-18.

Transient plasticity response is regulated by histone deacetylase inhibitor in oxygen-glucose deprivation condition.

Background: The pathological form of synaptic plasticity, ischemic long-term potentiation (iLTP), induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD), is implicated in the acute phase of stroke with the potentiation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). While there has been widespread attention on the excitatory system, a recent study reported that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system is also involved in iLTP. Valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, protects against ischemic damage.

The longer, the better ? Longer left-sided prolonged intermittent theta burst stimulation in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized sham-controlled study.

Background: Prolonged intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) is effective for major depressive disorder (MDD). However, whether longer piTBS treatment in a single session could have antidepressant efficacy remains elusive. Therefore, this double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled study aimed to investigate the antidepressant efficacy of 2 daily piTBS sessions for treating MDD patients with a history of poor responses to at least 1 adequate antidepressant trial in the current episode.

Fracture Characteristics of Commercial PEEK Dental Crowns: Combining the Effects of Aging Time and TiO Content.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is an emerging thermoplastic polymer with good mechanical properties and an elastic modulus similar to that of alveolar bone. PEEK dental prostheses for computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems on the market often have additives of titanium dioxide (TiO) to strengthen their mechanical properties. However, the effects of combining aging, simulating a long-term intraoral environment, and TiO content on the fracture characteristics of PEEK dental prostheses have rarely been investigated.

An efficient cellular image-based platform for high-content screening of neuroprotective agents against chemotherapy-induced neuropathy.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major dose-limiting side effect, with no approved therapy for prevention or treatment. Here, we aimed to establish a high-content image platform based on the neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglia (DRG)-derived neuron cells for the discovery of neuroprotective agents against paclitaxel-induced CIPN. ND7/23 cells, an immortalized hybrid DRG cell line, were maturely differentiated by induction with nerve growth factor and upregulation of intracellular cAMP levels.

Different synaptic mechanisms of intermittent and continuous theta-burst stimulations in a severe foot-shock induced and treatment-resistant depression in a rat model.

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a condition wherein patients with depression fail to respond to antidepressant trials. A new form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), called theta-burst stimulation (TBS), which includes intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) and continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS), is non-inferior to rTMS in TRD treatment. However, the mechanism of iTBS and cTBS underlying the treatment of TRD in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) remains unclear.

Generational synaptic functions of GABA receptor β3 subunit deteriorations in an animal model of social deficit.

Background: Disruption of normal brain development is implicated in numerous psychiatric disorders with neurodevelopmental origins, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Widespread abnormalities in brain structure and functions caused by dysregulations of neurodevelopmental processes has been recently shown to exert adverse effects across generations. An imbalance between excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) transmission is the putative hypothesis of ASD pathogenesis, supporting by the specific implications of inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system in autistic individuals and animal models of ASD.

FKBP51 mediates resilience to inflammation-induced anxiety through regulation of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 expression in mouse hippocampus.

Background: Inflammation is a potential risk factor of mental disturbance. FKBP5 that encodes FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51), a negative cochaperone of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), is a stress-inducible gene and has been linked to psychiatric disorders. Yet, the role of FKBP51 in the inflammatory stress-associated mental disturbance remained unclear.

Cortical excitatory and inhibitory correlates of the fronto-limbic circuit in major depression and differential effects of left frontal brain stimulation in a randomized sham-controlled trial.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD), particularly treatment-resistant ones, is associated with abnormal fronto-limbic glucose metabolism. 10-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over left prefrontal cortex (PFC) is believed to normalize the abnormal metabolism to treat depression. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying the mood circuit of depressed brains and whether brain stimulation techniques regulate the underlying molecules remain elusive.

Production of Lactobacillus brevis ProGA28 attenuates stress-related sleep disturbance and modulates the autonomic nervous system and the motor response in anxiety/depression behavioral tests in Wistar-Kyoto rats.

Aims: Many studies have reported that the production of Lactobacillus brevis is beneficial for sleep, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Other known beneficial effects of Lactobacillus brevis include improvement of anxious or depressive symptoms and better modulation of the autonomic nervous system, both of which impact sleep. In this study, we investigated whether the sleep benefit of Lactobacillus brevis was associated with the modulating effects on the autonomic nervous system and anxious/depressive symptoms.

Predictive roles of brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism on antidepressant efficacy of different forms of prefrontal brain stimulation monotherapy: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study.

Background: Although repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and prolonged intermittent theta-burst stimulation (piTBS) can induce changes in synaptic plasticity, the influence of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genotypes on their antidepressant effects remain unknown. Hence, we investigated the BDNF polymorphism contribution to the antidepressant effect of different forms left-sided prefrontal stimulations in a randomized, sham-controlled study METHODS: Seventy-five patients with medication-resistant depression were randomly assigned into three monotherapy groups: piTBS, high-frequency(HF) rTMS, or sham. The acute treatment period was two weeks.

Differential mechanisms of synaptic plasticity for susceptibility and resilience to chronic social defeat stress in male mice.

Mood dysregulation refers to the inability of a person to control their negative emotions, and it is linked to various stressful experiences. Dysregulated neural synaptic plasticity and actin-filament dynamics are important regulators of stress response in animal models. However, until now, there is no evidence to differential the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and actin-filament dynamics in stress susceptibility and stress-resistant.

Photon-induced deactivations of multiple traps in CHNHPbI perovskite films by different photon energies.

Photon-induced trap deactivation is commonly observed in organometal halide perovskites. Trap deactivation is characterized by an obvious photoluminescence (PL) enhancement. In this work, the properties of traps in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite films were studied based on the PL enhancement excited by lasers of different wavelengths (633 nm and 405 nm).

Studies on the substrate-dependent photocatalytic properties of CuO heterojunctions.

CuO is a promising material for photocatalysis because of its absorption ability in the ultraviolet (UV)-visible light range. CuO deposited on conductive Ti and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates behaves as a photocathode. CuO deposited on an n-type semiconductor such as TiO nanotube arrays (TNA)/Ti behaves as a photoanode and has demonstrated better photocatalytic activity than that of TNA/Ti.

Mechanism of Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation in Synaptic Pathology in the Prefrontal Cortex in an Antidepressant-Resistant Depression Rat Model.

Intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS), a form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, is considered a potential therapy for treatment-resistant depression. The synaptic mechanism of iTBS has long been known to be an effective method to induce long-term potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity in humans. However, there is limited evidence as to whether the antidepressant effect of iTBS is associated with change in synaptic function in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in preclinical study.

Glucosamine Enhancement of BDNF Expression and Animal Cognitive Function.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important factor for memory consolidation and cognitive function. Protein kinase A (PKA) signaling interacts significantly with BDNF-provoked downstream signaling. Glucosamine (GLN), a common dietary supplement, has been demonstrated to perform a variety of beneficial physiological functions.

The gastroprotective effect of the foxtail millet and adlay processing product against stress-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats.

Foxtail millet ( (L.) P. Beauv.

Uncovering the Modulatory Interactions of Brain Networks in Cognition with Central Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising treatment for neurological and psychiatric disorders. It acts by altering brain networks and facilitating synaptic plasticity. For enhancing cognitive functions, the central thalamus (CT) has been shown to be a potential DBS target.

Modulation of Theta-Band Local Field Potential Oscillations Across Brain Networks With Central Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation to Enhance Spatial Working Memory.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-established technique for the treatment of movement and psychiatric disorders through the modulation of neural oscillatory activity and synaptic plasticity. The central thalamus (CT) has been indicated as a potential target for stimulation to enhance memory. However, the mechanisms underlying local field potential (LFP) oscillations and memory enhancement by CT-DBS remain unknown.

Targeting the inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase ameliorate the endocannabinoid-mediated synaptic dysfunction in a valproic acid-induced rat model of Autism.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by social interaction impairment, stereotypical/repetitive behaviors and emotional deregulation. The endocannabinoid (eCB) system plays a crucial role in modulating the behavioral traits that are typically core symptoms of ASD. The major molecular mechanisms underlying eCB-dependent long-term depression (eCB-LTD) are mediated by group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-induced removal of postsynaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs).