Matrine disturbs the eimeria necatrix-induced loop of tuft cell-intestinal stem cell-goblet cell by inactivating IL-13/JAK2/STAT3 signaling.

As sensors in the gut, tuft cells integrate a complex array of luminal signals to regulate the differentiation fate of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which trigger a loop of tuft cell-ISC-goblet cell after parasitic infection. As a plant-derived alkaloid, Matrine plays a prominent role for standardizing ISC functions in Eimeria necatrix (EN)-exposed chicks. In this study, we investigated the modulation effects of Matrine on the specific intestinal epithelial cell loop in EN-exposed chicks in vivo and intestinal organoids (IOs) ex vivo.

Early Weaning Inhibits Intestinal Stem Cell Expansion to Disrupt the Intestinal Integrity of Duroc Piglets via Regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling.

There are different stress resistance among different breeds of pigs. Changes in intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are still unclear among various breeds of piglets after early weaning. In the current study, Taoyuan Black and Duroc piglets were slaughtered at 21 days of age (early weaning day) and 24 days of age (3 days after early weaning) for 10 piglets in each group.

Mulberry Leaf-Derived Morin Activates β-Catenin by Binding to Frizzled7 to Promote Intestinal Stem Cell Expansion upon Heat-Stable Enterotoxin b Injury.

Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) sustain epithelial renewal by dynamically altering behaviors of proliferation and differentiation in response to various nutrition and stress inputs. However, how ISCs integrate bioactive substance morin cues to protect against heat-stable enterotoxin b (STb) produced by remains an uncertain question with implications for treating bacterial diarrhea. Our recent work showed that oral mulberry leaf-derived morin improved the growth performance in STb-challenged mice.

Matrine reduced intestinal stem cell damage in eimeria necatrix-infected chicks via blocking hyperactivation of Wnt signaling.

Background: Coccidiosis is a rapidly spreading and acute parasitic disease that seriously threatening the intestinal health of poultry. Matrine from leguminous plants has anthelmintic and anti-inflammatory properties.

Purpose: This assay was conducted to explore the protective effects of Matrine and the AntiC (a Matrine compound) on Eimeria necatrix (EN)-infected chick small intestines and to provide a nutritional intervention strategy for EN injury.

Endophthalmitis in silicone oil-filled eye: A case report.

Background: Endophthalmitis occurring in silicone oil-filled eyes is a very rare occurrence, with reported incidence rates ranging between 0.07% and 0.039%.

l-Malic Acid Facilitates Stem Cell-Driven Intestinal Epithelial Renewal through the Amplification of β-Catenin Signaling by Targeting Frizzled7 in Chicks.

l-Malic acid (l-MA) contributes to energy metabolism and nutrient digestion, which is an alternative to antibiotics for livestock; however, it is not clear whether l-MA can replace antibiotics to promote intestinal development in chicks. To investigate the effects of l-MA on intestinal stem cells (ISCs) driving epithelial renewal, we employed in vivo chick feeding experiments, chick intestinal organoid (IO) models, and in vitro chick intestinal epithelial cell models. The results showed that the feed conversion rate and diarrhea scores were decreased with improved jejunal morphology and barrier function in the 0.

Chemical composition of pigeon crop milk and factors affecting its production: a review.

Pigeons are important commercial poultry in addition to being ornamental birds. In 2021, more than 111 million pairs of breeding pigeons were kept in stock and 1.6 billion squabs were slaughtered for meat in China.

Dietary supplementation with probiotics increases growth performance, improves the intestinal mucosal barrier and activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity in chicks.

Background: Probiotics comprise effective feed additives that can replace antibiotics in animal livestock production. However, mono-strain probiotics appear less effective because of their instability. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate dietary supplementation with compound probiotics (CPP) on growth performance, diarrhea rate and intestinal mucosal barrier, as well as the possible molecular mechanism, in chicks.

Heat stress disrupts intestinal stem cell migration and differentiation along the crypt-villus axis through FAK signaling.

During heat stress (HS), the intestinal epithelium suffers damage due to imbalance of tissue homeostasis. However, the specific mechanism by which intestinal stem cells (ISCs) migrate and differentiate along the crypt-villus axis to heal lesions upon insult is unclear. In our study, C57BL/6 mice and IPEC-J2 cells were subjected to normal ambient conditions (25 °C for 7 days in vivo and 37 °C for 18 h in vitro) or 41 °C.

L-glutamate requires β-catenin signalling through Frizzled7 to stimulate porcine intestinal stem cell expansion.

Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) decode and coordinate various types of nutritional information from the diet to support the crypt-villus axis architecture, but how specific dietary molecules affect intestinal epithelial homeostasis remains unclear. In the current study, L-glutamate (Glu) supplementation in either a nitrogen-free diet (NFD) or a corn-soybean meal diet (CSMD) stimulated gut growth and ISC expansion in weaned piglets. Quantitative proteomics screening identified the canonical Wnt signalling pathway as a central regulator of intestinal epithelial development and ISC activity in vivo.

Recombinant Porcine R-Spondin 1 Facilitates Intestinal Stem Cell Expansion along the Crypt-Villus Axis through Potentiating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Homeostasis and Deoxynivalenol Injury.

R-spondin 1 (RSPO1) is a ligand for the intestinal stem cell (ISC) marker Lgr5 in the crypt, which functions to amplify canonical Wnt signaling to stimulate the division of ISCs. Despite the crucial role of recombinant human RSPO1 (rhRSPO1) in homeostasis and regeneration, little is known about RSPO1 among different species. Here, we cloned the porcine RSPO1 (pRSPO1) gene and obtained rpRSPO1 protein through the expression system of the recombinant Rosetta (DE3) chemical competent cells.

Lysine Interacts with Frizzled7 to Activate β-Catenin in Satellite Cell-Participated Skeletal Muscle Growth.

This work provided an interesting finding of lysine (Lys) control on skeletal muscle growth besides protein synthesis. According to the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation and molecular docking analyses, we found both in skeletal muscle and muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) that the frizzled7 (FZD7) expression level was positively correlated with Lys levels and this was consistent with the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. On the other hand, FZD7 inhibition suppressed the Lys-rescued Wnt/β-catenin pathway, FZD7 knockdown caused cell proliferation, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway restrictions could not be compensated for by Lys or Wnt3a.

-methionine and -methionyl--methionine increase intestinal development and activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity in domestic pigeons (Columba livia).

This experiment was undertaken to investigate the effects of parental dietary -methionine (-Met) and -methionyl--methionine (-Met-Met) supplementation on the intestinal development of young squabs. A total of 108 pairs of breeding pigeons and 432 one-day-old squabs were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group (CON) was fed a basal diet (CP = 15%) and the experimental groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.3% -Met or -Met-Met.

The in ovo injection of methionine improves intestinal cell proliferation and differentiation in chick embryos by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

The intestinal health of chick embryos is vital for their life-long growth, and exogenous nutrition intervention may provide sufficient nutrition for embryonic development. In the present study, we investigated the effect of in ovo injection of L-methionine (L-Met) on the intestinal structure and barrier function of chick embryos. There were 4 groups of treatments: the control (CON) group injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and the other 3 groups injected with 5, 10, and 20 mg L-Met/egg, respectively.

Lycopene Protects Intestinal Epithelium from Deoxynivalenol-Induced Oxidative Damage via Regulating Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a threatening mycotoxin primarily present in the agricultural environment, especially in food commodities and animal forages, and exerts significant global health hazards. Lycopene (LYC) is a potent antioxidant carotenoid mainly present in tomatoes and other fruits with enormous health benefits. The present study was designed to ascertain whether LYC could protect DON-induced intestinal epithelium oxidative injury by regulating Keap1/Nrf2 signaling in the intestine of mice.

Lauric acid alleviates deoxynivalenol-induced intestinal stem cell damage by potentiating the Akt/mTORC1/S6K1 signaling axis.

Intestinal stem cell (ISC)-driven intestinal homeostasis is subjected to dual regulation by dietary nutrients and toxins. Our study investigated the use of lauric acid (LA) to alleviate deoxynivalenol (DON)-induced intestinal epithelial damage. C57BL/6 mice in the control, LA, DON, and LA + DON groups were orally administered PBS, 10 mg/kg BW LA, 2 mg/kg BW DON, and 10 mg/kg BW LA + 2 mg/kg BW DON for 10 days.

l-Carnosine Protects Against Deoxynivalenol-Induced Oxidative Stress in Intestinal Stem Cells by Regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway.

Scope: The intestinal epithelium is nourished by various nutrients and subjected to persistent and widespread feed-derived mycotoxin stress. l-Carnosine (LC) possesses robust antioxidant activity; however, its role in protecting intestinal mucosa against deoxynivalenol (DON) is still unclear.

Methods And Results: In this study, 300 mg kg BW LC and 3 mg kg BW DON are orally administered to mice either alone or in combination for 10 days to investigate the role of LC in protecting the intestine against DON.

Morin hydrate: A comprehensive review on novel natural dietary bioactive compound with versatile biological and pharmacological potential.

Flavonoids are natural plant-derived dietary bioactive compounds having a substantial impact on human health. Morin hydrate is a bioflavonoid mainly obtained from fruits, stem, and leaves of Moraceae family members' plants. Plenty of evidences supported that morin hydrate exerts its beneficial effects against various chronic and life-threatening degenerative diseases.

Heat-stable enterotoxin inhibits intestinal stem cell expansion to disrupt the intestinal integrity by downregulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli causes severe infectious diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality in newborn and weanling pigs mainly through the production of heat-stable enterotoxins (STs). However, the precise regulatory mechanisms involved in ST-induced intestinal epithelium injury remain unclear. Consequently, we conducted the experiments in vivo (mice), ex vivo (mouse and porcine enteroids), and in vitro (MODE-K and IPEC-J2 cells) to explore the effect of STp (one type of STa) on the integrity of the intestinal epithelium.

Methionine promotes crop milk protein synthesis through the JAK2-STAT5 signaling during lactation of domestic pigeons (Columba livia).

Crop milk is the sole source of nutrition that sustains young pigeons (squabs) throughout growth and development. Protein accounts for approximately 55% of the nutrients in crop milk; however, its regulation mechanism remains unclear. In our study, three experiments were conducted to investigate the possible underlying mechanism of crop milk protein synthesis and nutritional interventions.

Lysine inhibits apoptosis in satellite cells to govern skeletal muscle growth via the JAK2-STAT3 pathway.

Apoptosis is programmed cell death that can be stimulated by external stress or nutrition restrictions. However, the precise mechanism of apoptosis in skeletal muscle remains unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate whether apoptosis could be regulated by lysine (Lys) supplementation and the potential mechanism.

l-Glutamate drives porcine intestinal epithelial renewal by increasing stem cell activity via upregulation of the EGFR-ERK-mTORC1 pathway.

l-Glutamate (Glu) is a nutritionally functional amino acid for pigs. In addition, intestinal stem cells (ISCs) maintain epithelial renewal and homeostasis by dynamically regulating proliferation and differentiation to cope with environmental cues. The rapid renewal of the intestinal epithelium requires a continuous supply of energy sources such as Glu.

Zinc L-Aspartate enhances intestinal stem cell activity to protect the integrity of the intestinal mucosa against deoxynivalenol through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

The micronutrient, zinc, plays a vital role in modulating cellular signaling recognition and enhancing intestinal barrier function. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the zinc regulation of intestinal stem cell (ISC) renewal and regeneration ability, which drive intestinal epithelial turnover to maintain the intestinal barrier, under physiological and pathological conditions are unknown. In this study, we used in vivo mouse plus ex vivo enteroid model to investigate thoroughly the protection efficacy of zinc L-aspartate (Zn-Asp) on intestinal mucosal integrity exposed to deoxynivalenol (DON).

Molecular Signaling and Nutritional Regulation in the Context of Poultry Feather Growth and Regeneration.

The normal growth and regeneration of feathers is important for improving the welfare and economic value of poultry. Feather follicle stem cells are the basis for driving feather development and are regulated by various molecular signaling pathways in the feather follicle microenvironment. To date, the roles of the Wnt, Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP), Notch, and Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathways in the regulation of feather growth and regeneration are among the best understood.