TBK1 is involved in M-CSF-induced macrophage polarization through mediating the IRF5/IRF4 axis.

TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is an important kinase that is involved in innate immunity and tumor development. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) regulates the differentiation and function of macrophages towards the immunosuppressive M2 phenotype in the glioblastoma multiforme microenvironment. The role of TBK1 in macrophages, especially in regulating macrophage polarization in response to M-CSF stimulation, remains unclear.

Development of a short-term prognostic model for anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis in Chinese patients.

Background: Recognizing the predictors of poor short-term prognosis after first-line immunotherapy in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is essential for individualized treatment strategy. The objective of this study was to ascertain the factors that forecast short-term prognosis in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, develop a prognostic prediction model, and authenticate its efficacy in an external validation cohort. Further, all patients were followed-up long-term to assess the factors of long-term outcome and relapses.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma with leptomeningeal metastases has been treated with comprehensive treatment for long-term survival: A case report and literature review.

Rationale: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma has a high incidence in East and Southeast Asia, often with distant metastasis. However, leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is extremely rare and usually has a poor prognosis. This paper reports the clinical treatment of a patient with meningeal metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in order to improve the clinician's understanding of the disease.

NSCLC Extracellular Vesicles Containing miR-374a-5p Promote Leptomeningeal Metastasis by Influencing Blood‒Brain Barrier Permeability.

Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a devastating complication of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Its diagnosis and monitoring can be challenging. Recently, extracellular vesicle (EV) miRNAs have become a new noninvasive diagnostic biomarker.

Cerebrospinal fluid circulating tumour DNA genotyping and survival analysis in lung adenocarcinoma with leptomeningeal metastases.

Purpose: The prognosis of patients with leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) remains poor. Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) has been proven to be abundantly present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); hence, its clinical implication as a biomarker needs to be further verified.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 35 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients with LM, and matched CSF and plasma samples were collected from all patients.

Cerebrospinal fluid exosomal protein alterations via proteomic analysis of NSCLC with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis.

Purpose: Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LC) is a rare complication of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with highly mortality. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a special kind of tumor microenvironment (TME) better represents alterations than plasma. However, the clinical value of protein profiles of exosome in CSF as liquid biopsy remains unclear.

Development and validation of a machine learning model to predict prognosis in HIV-negative cryptococcal meningitis patients: a multicenter study.

Purpose: To predict prognosis in HIV-negative cryptococcal meningitis (CM) patients by developing and validating a machine learning (ML) model.

Methods: This study involved 523 HIV-negative CM patients diagnosed between January 1, 1998, and August 31, 2022, by neurologists from 3 tertiary Chinese centers. Prognosis was evaluated at 10 weeks after the initiation of antifungal therapy.

Next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of neurobrucellosis: a case series of eight consecutive patients.

Background: Neurobrucellosis (NB) presents a challenge for rapid and specific diagnosis. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has showed power in detection of causative pathogens, even some infrequent and unexpected pathogens. In this study, we presented 8 cases of NB diagnosed by the NGS of CSF.

Genomic alterations of cerebrospinal fluid cell-free DNA in leptomeningeal metastases of gastric cancer.

Background: Leptomeningeal metastases (LM) were rare in gastric cancer (GC), and GC patients with LM (GCLM) generally suffer from poor prognosis. Nevertheless, the clinical utility of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) was underinvestigated in GCLM.

Methods: We retrospectively studied 15 GCLM patients, and all patients had paired primary tumor tissue samples and post-LM CSF samples while 5 patients also had post-LM plasma samples.

Metal-Organic Frameworks-Based Nanoplatforms for the Theranostic Applications of Neurological Diseases.

Neurological diseases are the foremost cause of disability and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Owing to the special microenvironment of neural tissues and biological characteristics of neural cells, a considerable number of neurological disorders are currently incurable. In the past few years, the development of nanoplatforms based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has broadened opportunities for offering sensitive diagnosis/monitoring and effective therapy of neurology-related diseases.

Next-generation sequencing for the diagnosis of meningoencephalitis: a case series of five consecutive patients.

The prompt and specific diagnosis of meningoencephalitis (LMM) is challenging. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an emerging technique for diagnosing infrequent causative pathogens. We hypothesized that NGS of CSF is an effective approach for diagnosing LMM.

Primary meningeal central nervous system lymphoma: A case report and literature review.

Rationale: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and isolated meningeal PCNSL, without evidence of parenchymal involvement, is even less common, occurring in only 10% to 15% of cases.

Patient Concerns: A 65-years-old female presented to our hospital with progressive lower extremity motor dysfunction and blurred vision. The initial neurological examination revealed decreased muscle strength in both lower extremities and sensory dysfunction of lower extremities, saddle area, and buttocks.

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of cell-free and whole-cell DNA in diagnosing central nervous system infections.

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) infections pose a fatal risk to patients. However, the limited sample volumes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and low detection efficiency seriously hinder the accurate detection of pathogens using conventional methods.

Methods: We evaluated the performance of metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in diagnosing CNS infections.

Combined Effects of Programmed Cell Death-1 Blockade and Endostar on Brain Metastases of Lung Cancer.

Background: The blockade of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and recombinant human endostatin can be used for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its metastasis. This study aims to explore the therapeutically potential of PD-1 blockade plus Endostar in brain metastasis of NSCLC.

Methods: The mouse brain metastases model was established using Lewis lung carcinoma luciferase (LLC-Luc) and PC-9-Luc cells.

Clinical efficacy and safety of different doses of intrathecal methotrexate in the treatment of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis: a prospective and single-arm study.

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of different doses of intrathecal methotrexate in the treatment of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis.

Methods: 53 patients admitted to the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis were recruited. They were divided into two groups: 15-mg-group received 15 mg methotrexate intrathecally, while the other received 10 mg methotrexate.

A Diagnostic Scoring System for Distinguishing between Tuberculous and Bacterial Meningitis Based on Clinical and Laboratory Findings.

It is very difficult to diagnose and distinguish tuberculous meningitis, and the current laboratory methods are unsubstantial in developing countries. The study is aimed at creating a scoring system on the basis of basic laboratory and clinical achievements that could be used as diagnostic aid for tuberculous meningitis for Chinese patients. A retrospective study of cases was conducted for comparison between clinical characteristics and laboratory features of 241 patients on admission who conformed to inclusion criteria of tuberculous meningitis ( = 141) or bacterial meningitis ( = 100).

Myeloid NEMO deficiency promotes tumor immunosuppression partly via MCP1-CCR2 axis.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), which are found in the tumor microenvironment of solid tumors, not only mediate cancer immune evasion but also promote tumor growth. The transcription factor NF-κB, which is a crucial link between inflammation and tumors, can accelerate tumor occurrence and development. NEMO, the regulatory subunit of the IKK complex, plays a pivotal role in activating the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Development and validation of a predictive model for the diagnosis of neural antibody-mediated epilepsy/ seizure in patients with new-onset seizure or established epilepsy.

Purpose: Currently, the diagnosis of neural antibody-mediated epilepsy/seizure (NAME/S)relies heavily on neural antibody testing, which is time-consuming, costly and introduces diagnostic delays. A statistical tool to predict the probability of a patient with NAME/S is lacking. We aimed to construct a predictive model to help clinicians expedite the diagnostic process.

Incidence and risk factors associated with postoperative stroke in the elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.

Objectives: Stroke is one of the rare but devastating complications after hip fracture in the elderly. By far, there is still scarce data on postoperative stroke in elderly patients with hip fractures.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of prospectively collected data.

Knockdown of IKKβ Inhibits Tumor Development in a Leptomeningeal Metastasis Mouse Model and Proliferation of Lung Cancer Cells.

Objective: This study will explore the role of IKKβ in the leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) of lung cancer cells.

Methods: In vitro studies were conducted in mouse Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells with IKKβ knockdown. Cell proliferation was explored using CCK-8 and tumor colony-forming assays.