Comparison of the Long-Term Efficacy of Targeting the Subthalamic Nucleus Versus the Globus Pallidus Interna for Deep Brain Stimulation Treatment of Motor Dysfunction in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis Study.

A cardinal symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) is motor dysfunction, including bradykinesia and tremors, which is quantified in the Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS). Although some medications provide palliative treatments for these motor deficits, their efficacy wanes and can produce unwanted side effects, such as dyskinesia. Deep-brain stimulation (DBS) has provided an alternative treatment strategy that can benefit many patients, but optimal target structures for DBS and its long-term efficacy are not fully understood.

Mapping spatially resolved transcriptomes in human and mouse pulmonary fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Efforts to identify effective treatments are thwarted by limited understanding of IPF pathogenesis and poor translatability of available preclinical models. Here we generated spatially resolved transcriptome maps of human IPF (n = 4) and bleomycin-induced mouse pulmonary fibrosis (n = 6) to address these limitations.

New observations of fluorescent organisms in the Banda Sea and in the Red Sea.

Fluorescence is a widespread phenomenon found in animals, bacteria, fungi, and plants. In marine environments fluorescence has been proposed to play a role in physiological and behavioral responses. Many fluorescent proteins and other molecules have been described in jellyfish, corals, and fish.

Pharmacotherapy for sleep disturbances in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): A network meta-analysis.

Background: Sleep disturbances are an important symptom dimension of post-traumatic-stress-disorder (PTSD). There is no meta-analytic evidence examining the effects of all types of pharmacotherapy on sleep outcomes among patients with PTSD.

Methods: Medline/Embase/PsychInfo/CENTRAL/clinicaltrials.

Diversity and function of fluorescent molecules in marine animals.

Fluorescence in marine animals has mainly been studied in Cnidaria but is found in many different phyla such as Annelida, Crustacea, Mollusca, and Chordata. While many fluorescent proteins and molecules have been identified, very little information is available about the biological functions of fluorescence. In this review, we focus on describing the occurrence of fluorescence in marine animals and the behavioural and physiological functions of fluorescent molecules based on experimental approaches.

Evaluation of a Disaster Preparedness Curriculum and Medical Students' Views on Preparedness Education Requirements for Health Professionals.

Objective: In general, medical students perceive themselves as inadequately prepared to assist in disasters. This study evaluated the impact of a disaster preparedness curriculum and medical students' views toward required preparedness education for health care professionals.

Methods: A comprehensive disaster preparedness curriculum was evaluated on its effect on medical students' views on preparedness education requirements, preparedness, and prior disaster training using self-report survey methodology.

Antidepressant and antipsychotic side-effects and personalised prescribing: a systematic review and digital tool development.

Background: Side-effects of psychiatric medication impair quality of life and functioning. Furthermore, they contribute to morbidity, mortality, stigma, and poor treatment concordance resulting in relapse of psychiatric illness. Guidelines recommend discussing side-effects with patients when making treatment decisions, but a synthesis of antidepressant and antipsychotic side-effects to guide this process is missing, and considering all side-effects is a complex, multidimensional process.

Thirty-Day Unplanned Hospital Readmissions in Patients With Cancer and the Impact of Social Determinants of Health: A Machine Learning Approach.

Purpose: Develop a cancer-specific machine learning (ML) model that accurately predicts 30-day unplanned readmissions in patients with solid tumors.

Methods: The initial cohort included patients 18 years or older diagnosed with a solid tumor. Two distinct cohorts were generated: one with and one without detailed social determinants of health (SDOHs) data.

Multiomics links global surfactant dysregulation with airflow obstruction and emphysema in COPD.

Rationale: Pulmonary surfactant is vital for lung homeostasis as it reduces surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse and provides essential immune-regulatory and antipathogenic functions. Previous studies demonstrated dysregulation of some individual surfactant components in COPD. We investigated relationships between COPD disease measures and dysregulation of surfactant components to gain new insights into potential disease mechanisms.

Long-term efficacy of antipsychotic drugs in initially acutely ill adults with schizophrenia: systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Most acute phase antipsychotic drug trials in schizophrenia last only a few weeks, but patients must usually take these drugs much longer. We examined the long-term efficacy of antipsychotic drugs in acutely ill patients using network meta-analysis. We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group register up to March 6, 2022 for randomized, blinded trials of at least 6-month duration on all second-generation and 18 first-generation antipsychotics.

The response of subgroups of patients with schizophrenia to different antipsychotic drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: As comparatively few trials in subgroups of patients with schizophrenia have been done, clinicians need to know whether they can rely on the results of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in the general population of patients with schizophrenia. We aimed to compare the efficacy and side-effects of antipsychotic drugs in different subgroups.

Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched reference lists of previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses, the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's Study-Based Register (from database inception to April 27, 2020), and PubMed (from April 1, 2020 to June 14, 2021).

Effects of antipsychotics on heart rate in treatment of schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Antipsychotics are the treatment of choice in the therapy of schizophrenia. These drugs can be associated with changes in heart rate, but this question has never been examined systematically.

Objective: We aimed to analyse changes in heart rate during treatment with antipsychotics using the frequency of tachycardia and bradycardia events.

StarGazer: A Hybrid Intelligence Platform for Drug Target Prioritization and Digital Drug Repositioning Using Streamlit.

Target prioritization is essential for drug discovery and repositioning. Applying computational methods to analyze and process multi-omics data to find new drug targets is a practical approach for achieving this. Despite an increasing number of methods for generating datasets such as genomics, phenomics, and proteomics, attempts to integrate and mine such datasets remain limited in scope.

Pharmacological and dietary-supplement treatments for autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: There is still no approved medication for the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This network meta-analysis investigated pharmacological and dietary-supplement treatments for ASD.

Methods: We searched for randomized-controlled-trials (RCTs) with a minimum duration of seven days in ClinicalTrials.

Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 32 oral and long-acting injectable antipsychotics for the maintenance treatment of adults with schizophrenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Schizophrenia is a common, severe, and usually chronic disorder. Maintenance treatment with antipsychotic drugs can prevent relapse but also causes side-effects. We aimed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of antipsychotics as maintenance treatment for non-treatment resistant patients with schizophrenia.

Enhanced CXCR4 Expression of Human CD8 T Lymphocytes Is Driven by S1P.

Although the human immune response to cancer is naturally potent, it can be severely disrupted as a result of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Infiltrating regulatory T lymphocytes contribute to this immunosuppression by inhibiting proliferation of cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes, which are key to an effective anti-cancer immune response. Other important contributory factors are thought to include metabolic stress caused by the local nutrient deprivation common to many solid tumors.

[Elective colorectal fast-track resections-Treatment adherence due to coordination by specialized nursing personnel].

Fast-track treatment pathways reduce the frequency of postoperative complications in elective colorectal resections by approximately 40% and due to the rapid recovery reduce the postoperative duration of hospitalization by approximately 50%. Specialized nursing personnel (enhanced recovery after surgery, ERAS, nurses) have already been appointed internationally to accompany and monitor the execution of multimodal perioperative treatment. In November 2018 a fast-track assistant was appointed in the Clinic for General and Visceral Surgery of the Municipal Clinic in Solingen for coordination of the fast-track treatment pathway.

[Clozapine in the Treatment of Schizophrenic Psychosis: Patient Characteristics and Antipsychotic Combinations in One Cohort at a Psychiatric Care Hospital].

Background: In many studies, clozapine has been reported to have superior effectiveness compared to other antipsychotics. So far there is little systematic data on the practice of clozapine prescription and characteristics of patients treated.

Method: Retrospective evaluation of all 392 treatment courses of inpatients with schizophrenic psychoses during one year.

Rare variant contribution to human disease in 281,104 UK Biobank exomes.

Genome-wide association studies have uncovered thousands of common variants associated with human disease, but the contribution of rare variants to common disease remains relatively unexplored. The UK Biobank contains detailed phenotypic data linked to medical records for approximately 500,000 participants, offering an unprecedented opportunity to evaluate the effect of rare variation on a broad collection of traits. Here we study the relationships between rare protein-coding variants and 17,361 binary and 1,419 quantitative phenotypes using exome sequencing data from 269,171 UK Biobank participants of European ancestry.

Examining Side Effect Variability of Antipsychotic Treatment in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Meta-analysis of Variance.

Side effects of antipsychotic drugs play a key role in nonadherence of treatment in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). While clinical observations suggest that side effect variability between patients may be considerable, statistical evidence is required to confirm this. Here, we hypothesized to find larger side effect variability under treatment compared with control.

Diarylethene-Based Photoswitchable Inhibitors of Serine Proteases.

A bicyclic peptide scaffold was chemically adapted to generate diarylethene-based photoswitchable inhibitors of serine protease Bos taurus trypsin 1 (T1). Starting from a prototype molecule-sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 (SFTI-1)-we obtained light-controllable inhibitors of T1 with K in the low nanomolar range, whose activity could be modulated over 20-fold by irradiation. The inhibitory potency as well as resistance to proteolytic degradation were systematically studied on a series of 17 SFTI-1 analogues.

Dysregulation of COVID-19 related gene expression in the COPD lung.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are at increased risk of poor outcome from Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Early data suggest elevated Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression, but relationships to disease phenotype and downstream regulators of inflammation in the Renin-Angiotensin system (RAS) are unknown. We aimed to determine the relationship between RAS gene expression relevant to SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lung with disease characteristics in COPD, and the regulation of newly identified SARS-CoV-2 receptors and spike-cleaving proteases, important for SARS-CoV-2 infection.