Risk stratification in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension at the time of listing for lung transplantation.

Background: It is unknown whether pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) risk stratification instruments could be helpful to support the decision to list a patient for lung transplantation (LT). Our aim was to evaluate contemporary risk assessment tools in a cohort of PAH patients listed for LT.

Methods: Consecutive PAH patients (without pulmonary veno-occlusive disease or unrepaired congenital heart disease) listed for LT at the French Pulmonary Hypertension Reference Center between January 2006 and December 2018 were included.

Effective control of lung infection despite tertiary lymphoid structure disorganisation.

Background: Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are triggered by persistent bronchopulmonary infection with , but their roles remain elusive. The present study sought to examine the effects of B- and/or T-cell depletion on infection and TLS development (lymphoid neogenesis) in mice.

Methods: C57Bl/6 mice were pre-treated with 1) an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) (B-cell depletion) or 2) an anti-CD4 and/or an anti-CD8 mAb (T-cell depletion) or 3) a combination of anti-CD20, anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 mAbs (combined B- and T-cell depletion) or 4) isotype control mAbs.