Genome-Wide Analysis and Evolutionary History of the Necrosis- and Ethylene-Inducing Peptide 1-Like Protein (NLP) Superfamily Across the Dothideomycetes Class of Fungi.

Necrosis and Ethylene-inducing peptide 1-like proteins (NLPs) are broadly distributed across bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes. Cytotoxic NLPs are usually secreted into the host apoplast where they can induce cell death and trigger plant immune responses in eudicots. To investigate the evolutionary history of the NLPs, we accessed the genomic resources of 79 species from 15 orders of Dothideomycetes.

The necrosis- and ethylene-inducing peptide 1-like protein (NLP) gene family of the plant pathogen Corynespora cassiicola.

Effectors are secreted by plant-associated microorganisms to modify the host cell physiology. As effectors, the Necrosis- and Ethylene-inducing peptide 1-like proteins (NLPs) are involded in the early phases of plant infection and may trigger host immune responses. Corynespora cassiicola is a polyphagous plant pathogen that causes target spot on many agriculturally important crops.

A Bacterial Type Three Secretion-Based Delivery System for Functional Characterization of Plant Immune Suppressing Effector Proteins.

The facultative biotrophic basidiomycete causes smut disease in sugarcane. This study applied an assay to identify . candidate effectors (CEs) with plant immunity suppression activities by delivering them into cells via the type-three secretion system of EtHAn.

-Based Dual-Layered Biological Network Analysis Elucidates Fully Modulated Pathways Related to Sugarcane Resistance on Biotrophic Pathogen Infection.

We assembled a dual-layered biological network to study the roles of resistance gene analogs (RGAs) in the resistance of sugarcane to infection by the biotrophic fungus causing smut disease. Based on sugarcane- orthology, the modeling used metabolic and protein-protein interaction (PPI) data from (from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and BioGRID databases) and plant resistance curated knowledge for Viridiplantae obtained through text mining of the UniProt/SwissProt database. With the network, we integrated functional annotations and transcriptome data from two sugarcane genotypes that differ significantly in resistance to smut and applied a series of analyses to compare the transcriptomes and understand both signal perception and transduction in plant resistance.

In vitro antiplasmodial activity, targeted LC-MS metabolite profiling, and identification of major natural products in the bioactive extracts of Palicourea and Psychotria species from the Amazonia and Atlantic Forest biomes, Brazil.

Introduction: A great variety of bioactive natural products has been reported for different Palicourea and Psychotria species (Rubiaceae). However, few of them as well as few of species of these botanical genera have been evaluated for antiplasmodial activity.

Objective: To assess the antiplasmodial activity of 24 extracts from Palicourea and Psychotria genera, along with the targeted LC-MS metabolite profiling, as well as identification of the main metabolites in the bioactive extracts.

Genome sequences and in silico effector mining of Corynespora cassiicola CC_29 and Corynespora olivacea CBS 114450.

The placement of Corynespora olivacea within the large genus Corynespora (Pleosporales) is controversial, because the species is distantly related to other congeners, including the type species C. cassiicola. Corynespora cassiicola is a polyphagous, cosmopolitan plant pathogen.

Leaping into the Unknown World of Candidate Effectors.

is a biotrophic fungus causing sugarcane smut disease. In this study, we set up a pipeline and used genomic and dual transcriptomic data previously obtained by our group to identify candidate effectors of and their expression profiles in infected smut-resistant and susceptible sugarcane plants. The expression profile of different genes after infection in contrasting sugarcane genotypes assessed by RT-qPCR depended on the plant genotypes and disease progression.

Machine learning approaches reveal genomic regions associated with sugarcane brown rust resistance.

Sugarcane is an economically important crop, but its genomic complexity has hindered advances in molecular approaches for genetic breeding. New cultivars are released based on the identification of interesting traits, and for sugarcane, brown rust resistance is a desirable characteristic due to the large economic impact of the disease. Although marker-assisted selection for rust resistance has been successful, the genes involved are still unknown, and the associated regions vary among cultivars, thus restricting methodological generalization.

Genome survey of resistance gene analogs in sugarcane: genomic features and differential expression of the innate immune system from a smut-resistant genotype.

Background: Resistance genes composing the two-layer immune system of plants are thought as important markers for breeding pathogen-resistant crops. Many have been the attempts to establish relationships between the genomic content of Resistance Gene Analogs (RGAs) of modern sugarcane cultivars to its degrees of resistance to diseases such as smut. However, due to the highly polyploid and heterozygous nature of sugarcane genome, large scale RGA predictions is challenging.

Evolutionary history of Manihot carthagenensis (Euphorbiaceae) and allied species in eastern South America.

Intermittent episodes of climate changes, such as those that occurred during the Pleistocene, likely shaped the diversification of the young genus Manihot Mill. (Euphorbiacheae). One of such recently-derived congeners ─ M.

Mutagenic activity and chemical composition of phenolic-rich extracts of leaves from two species of Ficus medicinal plants.

Plant species from the Ficus genus are widely used as food, and in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer agents, although some of these species are known to produce adverse effects. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the chemical composition as well as in vitro antioxidant and mutagenic activity of the aqueous extracts of leaves from F. adhatodifolia and F.

Evolutionary history of the cobalamin-independent methionine synthase gene family across the land plants.

Plants are successful paleopolyploids. The wide diversity of land plants is driven strongly by their gene duplicates undergoing distinct evolutionary fates after duplication. We used genomic resources from 35 model plant species to unravel the evolutionary fate of gene copies (paralogs) of the cobalamin-independent methionine synthase (metE) gene family across the land plants.

Both mechanism and age of duplications contribute to biased gene retention patterns in plants.

Background: All extant seed plants are successful paleopolyploids, whose genomes carry duplicate genes that have survived repeated episodes of diploidization. However, the survival of gene duplicates is biased with respect to gene function and mechanism of duplication. Transcription factors, in particular, are reported to be preferentially retained following whole-genome duplications (WGDs), but disproportionately lost when duplicated by tandem events.

Contemporary patterns of genetic diversity of cedrela fissilis offer insight into the shaping of seasonal forests in eastern South America.

Premise Of The Study: We investigated how genetic diversity is distributed across the range of Cedrela fissilis, a tree species associated with seasonal neotropical forests, to gain insights into competing biogeographic scenarios that explain how disjunct distributions of these forests were shaped.

Methods: A total of 250 samples were sampled from 18 sites across the species' range in Brazil and eastern Bolivia and genotyped with 10 microsatellite loci. An array of complementary methods-F statistics, analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA), and clustering analyses-assessed genetic diversity, population differentiation, and structure.