Simultaneous determination of clopidogrel and its carboxylic acid metabolite by capillary electrophoresis.

A capillary electrophoresis method was developed and validated for the first time for the analysis of clopidogrel and its carboxylic acid metabolite. Prior to method optimization, the pH dependence of effective mobility of both compounds was determined in order to define the initial pH of the running buffer. The optimized method demonstrated to be selective, and linear in the concentration range of 2-100 microM for both compounds.

Design, synthesis, and pharmacological effects of a cyclization-activated steroid prodrug for colon targeting in inflammatory bowel disease.

Glucocorticoids are used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. A limitation to their use is that they undergo absorption from the GIT before reaching the colon causing severe systemic side effects. We report here on a novel prodrug approach to targeting corticosteroids to the colon.

Analysis of the volatiles emitted by whole flowers and isolated flower organs of the carob tree using HS-SPME-GC/MS.

The volatiles emitted by fresh whole flowers and isolated flower organs of male, female, and hermaphrodite carob trees (Ceratonia siliqua L.; Leguminosae) were analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The headspace of carob flowers is mainly constituted of high amounts of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, and more than 25 compounds were identified.