Epidemiological and molecular surveillance of norovirus in the Brazilian Amazon: description of recombinant genotypes and improvement of evolutionary analysis.

Noroviruses are highly infectious, genetically diverse viruses. Global outbreaks occur frequently, making molecular surveillance important for infection monitoring. This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to monitor cases of norovirus gastroenteritis in the Brazilian Amazon.

Environmental health of water bodies from a Brazilian Amazon Metropolis based on a conventional and metagenomic approach.

Aims: The present study aimed to use a conventional and metagenomic approach to investigate the microbiological diversity of water bodies in a network of drainage channels and rivers located in the central area of the city of Belém, northern Brazil, which is considered one of the largest cities in the Brazilian Amazon.

Methods And Results: In eight of the analyzed points, both bacterial and viral microbiological indicators of environmental contamination-physical-chemical and metals-were assessed. The bacterial resistance genes, drug resistance mechanisms, and viral viability in the environment were also assessed.

Molecular analysis of canine circovirus in dogs from animal shelters in Belém, Pará, northern Brazil: first detection at the amazon region.

The canine circovirus (CanCV) is a single-stranded DNA virus that has become an important emerging virus associated with gastroenteritis in dogs worldwide. In the present study, the CanCV was detected by PCR in 15% (22/147) of dogs from animal shelters in Belém, between 2019 and 2020. We observed an association between the CanCV infection and the presence of diarrhea in animals younger than one year of age (p > 0.

Detection of G3 human-like rotavirus in institutionalized dogs from Brazil.

Viral gastroenteritis is a common clinical problem in dogs and group A rotavirus (RVA) is one of the agents involved in this etiology. It mainly affects dogs in the first 6 months of life, and these animals are considered an important reservoir and potential transmitters of the virus to other susceptible hosts, such as humans. Among the different types of RVA, G3 is the most detected in dogs, and this genotype is also involved in infections in other animals, including humans.

Nearly Complete Genome Sequences of Two Canine Strains from Latin America.

We report the nearly complete genome sequences of CAstV-PK01 and CAstV-PK03, two canine astrovirus strains belonging to the species , which were detected in fecal swab samples collected from puppies with diarrhea from two different kennels in the Brazilian Amazon.

Molecular characterization of the gastrointestinal eukaryotic virome in elderly people in Belem, Para, Brazil.

Acute gastroenteritis is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, affecting mainly children, the immunocompromised and elderly people. Enteric viruses, especially rotavirus A, are considered important etiological agents, while long-term care facilities are considered favorable environments for the occurrence of sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis. Therefore, it is important to monitor the viral agents present in nursing homes, especially because studies involving the elderly population in Brazil are scarce, resulting in a lack of available virological data.

Molecular and evolutionary characterization of norovirus GII.17 in the northern region of Brazil.

Background: Currently, norovirus (NoV) is associated with one-fifth of all acute gastroenteritis (AGE) cases worldwide. The NoV GII.17_2014 variant has been associated with gastroenteritis outbreaks in several Asian countries, replacing the previously dominant Sydney 2012 variant.

Detection and genotyping of enteric viruses in hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis in Belém, Brazil: Occurrence of adenovirus viremia by species F, types 40/41.

Enteric adenovirus (AdV), sapovirus (SaV), and human astrovirus (HAstV) are important pathogens involved in the gastroenteritis etiology. In this study, a total of 219 fecal samples and sera were collected from children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in two large pediatric hospitals in Belém, from March 2012 to April 2015. The samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for AdV and HAstV (astrovirus) detection, and Nested-PCR and qPCR for SaV detection.

First Whole-Genome Characterization of Avian Nephritis Virus 2 of Broiler Chicken from Pará, Brazil.

Our results show the first full-genome characterization of avian nephritis virus 2 recovered from stools of broiler chickens at a commercial farm located in Benevides, Pará, Brazil. Nucleotide analyses of whole-genome sequences showed the isolate to be a strain of in the family .

Astrovirus infection in hospitalized children: Molecular, clinical and epidemiological features.

Background: Astrovirus (HAstV) is a common viral pathogen that causes gastroenteritis worldwide. It is classified into eight classical human types (HAstV-1/8) and seven other less prevalent types, described as HAstV VA1, VA2, VA3, VA4, MLB-1, MLB-2 and MLB-3. During outbreaks, the elderly and children are the most affected, and the spread of the virus is associated with person-to-person contact, food ingestion and contaminated water.

Detection and genetic characterization of the emergent GII.17_2014 norovirus genotype among children with gastroenteritis from Northern Brazil.

Norovirus is the most important cause of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. Recently, a novel GII.17 norovirus variant emerged and caused epidemics in Asian countries, replacing the GII.

Caliciviruses in hospitalized children, São Luís, Maranhão, 1997-1999: detection of norovirus GII.12.

Gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases during childhood, with norovirus (NoV) and sapovirus (SaV) being two of its main causes. This study reports for the first time the incidence of these viruses in hospitalized children with and without gastroenteritis in São Luís, Maranhão. A total of 136 fecal samples were tested by enzyme immunoassays (EIA) for the detection of NoV and by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of both NoV and SaV.

Epidemiology of rotavirus A diarrhea in Chókwè, Southern Mozambique, from February to September, 2011.

Acute diarrhea disease caused by Rotaviruses A (RVA) is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children ≤5 years old in developing countries. An exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted between February and September, 2011 to determine the proportion of acute diarrhea caused by RVA. A total of 254 stool specimens were collected from children ≤5 years old with acute diarrhea, including outpatients (222 children) and inpatients (32 children), in three local health centers in Chókwè District, Gaza Province, South of Mozambique.

Distinct evolutionary origins of G12P[8] and G12P[9] group A rotavirus strains circulating in Brazil.

G12 group A rotavirus (RVA) are currently recognized as a globally emerging genotype and have been described in combination with several P-types. In Brazil, G12 RVA strains have been described in the Southern (2003) and Northern (2008-2010) regions, in combination with the P[9] and P[6] genotype, respectively. To date, few complete genomes of G12 RVA strains have been described (none from Brazilian strains), considering G12P[9] genotype just one strain, RVA/Human-tc/THA/T152/1998/G12P[9], has their 11 gene segments characterized.

Evidence of vaccine-related reassortment of rotavirus, Brazil, 2008-2010.

Analysis of 27 rotavirus strains from vaccinated and unvaccinated children revealed reassortment events in 3 strains: a gene derived from a vaccine; a gene acquired from a circulating strain; and reassortment between circulating strains. Data suggest that the widespread use of this monovalent rotavirus vaccine may introduce vaccine genes into circulating human rotaviruses or vice versa.

Molecular characterization of astrovirus in stool samples from children in São Paulo, Brazil.

The purpose of this study was to characterize astrovirus in faecal samples collected from children with and without diarrhea in São Paulo, Brazil, grouped into two sets: EPM and HU. Detection and genotyping were carried out using reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with specific primers directed towards the genome open reading frame 2 (ORF2). Results for EPM set showed that 66/234 (28.

Genetic diversity of norovirus among children with gastroenteritis in São Paulo State, Brazil.

Norovirus (NoV) is one of the most common causes of acute gastroenteritis in children and adults. To study the prevalence and genetic variability of NoV in children with acute gastroenteritis in São Paulo State, Brazil, we examined 234 stool samples from children with or without gastroenteritis during a 5-year period (1995 to 1999). NoV RNA was detected by reverse transcription-PCR and confirmed by DNA sequence analysis.