Implanted cortical neuroprosthetics for speech and movement restoration.

Implanted cortical neuroprosthetics (ICNs) are medical devices developed to replace dysfunctional neural pathways by creating information exchange between the brain and a digital system which can facilitate interaction with the external world. Over the last decade, researchers have explored the application of ICNs for diverse conditions including blindness, aphasia, and paralysis. Both transcranial and endovascular approaches have been used to record neural activity in humans, and in a laboratory setting, high-performance decoding of the signals associated with speech intention has been demonstrated.

Skull Base Repair following Resection of Vestibular Schwannoma: A Systematic Review (Part 1: The Retrosigmoid Approach).

 Despite advances in skull-base reconstruction techniques, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks remain a common complication following retrosigmoid (RS) vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery. We aimed to review and classify the available strategies used to prevent CSF leaks following RS VS surgery.  A systematic review, including studies of adults undergoing RS VS surgery since 2000, was conducted.

Skull Base Repair following Resection of Vestibular Schwannoma: A Systematic Review (Part 2: The Translabyrinthine Approach).

 Despite advances in skull base reconstruction techniques, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks remain a relatively common complication after translabyrinthine (TL) vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize the repair techniques and materials used in TL VS surgery to prevent CSF leaks.  A systematic review of studies published since 2000 reporting techniques to prevent CSF leaks during adult TL VS surgery was conducted.

Learning Curve of Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant and Aggregated Data.

Study Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant and aggregated data.

Objectives: To define the learning curves of endoscopic discectomies using unified statistical methodologies.

Methods: Searches returned 913 records, with 118 full-text articles screened.

Validation of a surgical simulator and establishment of quantitative performance thresholds-RealSpine simulation system for open lumbar decompressions.

Background Context: The majority of surgical training is conducted in real-world operations. High-fidelity surgical simulators may provide a safer environment for surgical training. However, the extent that it reflects real-world operations and surgical ability is often poorly characterized.

Video-Based Performance Analysis in Pituitary Surgery - Part 2: Artificial Intelligence Assisted Surgical Coaching.

Background: Superior surgical skill improves surgical outcomes in endoscopic pituitary adenoma surgery. Video-based coaching programs, pioneered in professional sports, have shown promise in surgical training. In this study, we developed and assessed a video-based coaching program using artificial intelligence (AI) assistance.

Video-Based Performance Analysis in Pituitary Surgery-Part 1: Surgical Outcomes.

Background: Endoscopic pituitary adenoma surgery has a steep learning curve, with varying surgical techniques and outcomes across centers. In other surgeries, superior performance is linked with superior surgical outcomes. This study aimed to explore the prediction of patient-specific outcomes using surgical video analysis in pituitary surgery.

Distribution of case volumes in surgery: an analysis of the British Spine Registry.

Objectives: To characterize the distribution of case volumes within a surgical field.

Design: An analysis of British Spine Registry.

Setting: 295 centers in England that conducted at least one spinal operation either within the NHS or private settings between 1 May 2016 and 27 February 2021.

The IDEAL framework for surgical robotics: development, comparative evaluation and long-term monitoring.

The next generation of surgical robotics is poised to disrupt healthcare systems worldwide, requiring new frameworks for evaluation. However, evaluation during a surgical robot's development is challenging due to their complex evolving nature, potential for wider system disruption and integration with complementary technologies like artificial intelligence. Comparative clinical studies require attention to intervention context, learning curves and standardized outcomes.

A Deep Learning Approach to Classify Surgical Skill in Microsurgery Using Force Data from a Novel Sensorised Surgical Glove.

Microsurgery serves as the foundation for numerous operative procedures. Given its highly technical nature, the assessment of surgical skill becomes an essential component of clinical practice and microsurgery education. The interaction forces between surgical tools and tissues play a pivotal role in surgical success, making them a valuable indicator of surgical skill.

Reported baseline variables in transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma over a 30 year period: a systematic review.

Purpose: Heterogeneous reporting in baseline variables in patients undergoing transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenoma precludes meaningful meta-analysis. We therefore examined trends in reported baseline variables, and degree of heterogeneity of reported variables in 30 years of literature.

Methods: A systematic review of PubMed and Embase was conducted on studies that reported outcomes for transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma 1990-2021.

Generating Operative Workflows for Vestibular Schwannoma Resection: A Two-Stage Delphi's Consensus in Collaboration with the British Skull Base Society. Part 1: The Retrosigmoid Approach.

 An operative workflow systematically compartmentalizes operations into hierarchal components of phases, steps, instrument, technique errors, and event errors. Operative workflow provides a foundation for education, training, and understanding of surgical variation. In this Part 1, we present a codified operative workflow for the retrosigmoid approach to vestibular schwannoma resection.

Generating Operative Workflows for Vestibular Schwannoma Resection: A Two-Stage Delphi's Consensus in Collaboration with the British Skull Base Society. Part 2: The Translabyrinthine Approach.

 An operative workflow systematically compartmentalizes operations into hierarchal components of phases, steps, instrument, technique errors, and event errors. Operative workflow provides a foundation for education, training, and understanding of surgical variation. In this Part 2, we present a codified operative workflow for the translabyrinthine approach to vestibular schwannoma resection.

Reported outcomes in transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas: a systematic review.

Purpose: Transsphenoidal surgery is an established treatment for pituitary adenomas. We examined outcomes and time points following transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma to identify reporting heterogeneity within the literature.

Methods: A systematic review of studies that reported outcomes for transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma 1990-2021 were examined.

A Sensorised Surgical Glove to Analyze Forces During Neurosurgery.

Background: Measuring intraoperative forces in real time can provide feedback mechanisms to improve patient safety and surgical training. Previous force monitoring has been achieved through the development of specialized and adapted instruments or use designs that are incompatible with neurosurgical workflow.

Objective: To design a universal sensorised surgical glove to detect intraoperative forces, applicable to any surgical procedure, and any surgical instrument in either hand.

The clinical outcomes of imaging modalities for surgical management Cushing's disease - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Cushing's disease presents major diagnostic and management challenges. Although numerous preoperative and intraoperative imaging modalities have been deployed, it is unclear whether these investigations have improved surgical outcomes. Our objective was to investigate whether advances in imaging improved outcomes for Cushing's disease.

Cerebral cavernous malformation: Management, outcomes, and surveillance strategies - A single centre retrospective cohort study.

Background: Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) may undergo a period of clinical and/or radiographical surveillance that precedes or follows definitive treatment. There are no international guidelines on the optimal surveillance strategy. This study describes the surveillance strategies at our centre and explore the related clinical outcomes.

Intraoperative Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Robotic Surgery: A Scoping Review of Current Development Stages and Levels of Autonomy.

Objective: A scoping review of the literature was conducted to identify intraoperative artificial intelligence (AI) applications for robotic surgery under development and categorize them by (1) purpose of the applications, (2) level of autonomy, (3) stage of development, and (4) type of measured outcome.

Background: In robotic surgery, AI-based applications have the potential to disrupt a field so far based on a master-slave paradigm. However, there is no available overview about this technology's current stage of development and level of autonomy.

Comparative Learning Curves of Microscope Versus Exoscope: A Preclinical Randomized Crossover Noninferiority Study.

Background: An exoscope heralds a new era of optics in surgery. However, there is limited quantitative evidence describing and comparing the learning curve.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the learning curve, plateau, and rate of novice surgeons using an Olympus ORBEYE exoscope compared to an operating microscope (Carl Zeiss OPMI PENTERO or KINEVO 900).

Neurosurgical Team Acceptability of Brain-Computer Interfaces: A Two-Stage International Cross-Sectional Survey.

Objective: Invasive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) require neurosurgical implantation, which confers a range of risks. Despite this situation, no studies have assessed the acceptability of invasive BCIs among the neurosurgical team. This study aims to establish baseline knowledge of BCIs within the neurosurgical team and identify attitudes toward different applications of invasive BCI.