New proteins configure a brain drug resistance map in tuberous sclerosis.

Epileptogenic cortical tubers, characterized by dysplastic neurons and balloon cells, is a frequent feature of tuberous sclerosis. In severe tuberous sclerosis-affected individuals, seizures are refractory to medication. Multidrug resistance proteins (multidrug resistance protein-1 [MDR-1] and multidrug resistance-associated protein-1 [MRP-1]) have been found to be highly expressed in epileptogenic cortical tubers.