Geographical differences in ophthalmic trauma outcomes and risk factors: the International Globe and Adnexal Trauma Epidemiological Eye Study (IGATES).

Objectives: Characterise the international variation in ophthalmic trauma and determine risk factors associated with visual and anatomical outcomes for low-, middle- and high-income countries.

Subjects/methods: Observational multi-centre cohort study using data from the International Globe and Adnexal Trauma Epidemiological Eye Study (IGATES) from April 2014 to August 2023. Data on acute presentations of ophthalmic injury including open/closed globe injury, and/or Adnexal/orbital involvement, and/or intraocular/ intraorbital foreign body were collected and Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) was calculated.