Publications by authors named "Hugh Harvey"

Introduction: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to transform medical imaging and radiotherapy; both fields where radiographers' use of AI tools is increasing. This study aimed to explore the views of those professionals who are now using AI tools.

Methods: A small-scale exploratory research process was employed, where qualitative data was obtained from five UK-based participants; all professionals working in medical imaging and radiotherapy who use AI in clinical practice.

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The TRIPOD (Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis) statement was published in 2015 to provide the minimum reporting recommendations for studies developing or evaluating the performance of a prediction model. Methodological advances in the field of prediction have since included the widespread use of artificial intelligence (AI) powered by machine learning methods to develop prediction models. An update to the TRIPOD statement is thus needed.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study focuses on how medical imaging and radiotherapy (MIRT) professionals in the UK are using artificial intelligence (AI) tools, assessing their current practices and identifying future requirements for governance frameworks to ensure safe and effective use of AI in clinical settings.
  • - Conducted through an online survey from November to December 2022, the research gathered insights from 245 MIRT professionals, utilizing both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses to interpret the data, along with content analysis for open-ended responses.
  • - Key findings revealed that effective governance, training, leadership, and teamwork are crucial for AI adoption, but many professionals lack familiarity with existing frameworks; this indicates a need for better education and standardized policies to optimize AI utilization in MIRT.*
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Background: Intended use statements (IUSs) are mandatory to obtain regulatory clearance for artificial intelligence (AI)-based medical devices in the European Union. In order to guide the safe use of AI-based medical devices, IUSs need to contain comprehensive and understandable information. This study analyzes the IUSs of CE-marked AI products listed on AIforRadiology.

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Technological advancements in computer science have started to bring artificial intelligence (AI) from the bench closer to the bedside. While there is still lots to do and improve, AI models in medical imaging and radiotherapy are rapidly being developed and increasingly deployed in clinical practice. At the same time, AI governance frameworks are still under development.

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Mobile apps are the primary means by which consumers access digital health and wellness software, with delivery dominated by the 'Apple App Store' and the 'Google Play Store'. Through these virtual storefronts Apple and Google act as the distributor (and sometimes, importer) of many thousands of health and wellness apps into the EU, some of which have a medical purpose. As a result of changes to EU law which came into effect in May 2021, they must now ensure that apps are compliant with medical devices regulation and to inform authorities of serious incidents arising from their use.

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Purpose: To explore whether generative adversarial networks (GANs) can enable synthesis of realistic medical images that are indiscernible from real images, even by domain experts.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, progressive growing GANs were used to synthesize mammograms at a resolution of 1280 × 1024 pixels by using images from 90 000 patients (average age, 56 years ± 9) collected between 2009 and 2019. To evaluate the results, a method to assess distributional alignment for ultra-high-dimensional pixel distributions was used, which was based on moment plots.

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Artificial intelligence (AI) has made impressive progress over the past few years, including many applications in medical imaging. Numerous commercial solutions based on AI techniques are now available for sale, forcing radiology practices to learn how to properly assess these tools. While several guidelines describing good practices for conducting and reporting AI-based research in medicine and radiology have been published, fewer efforts have focused on recommendations addressing the key questions to consider when critically assessing AI solutions before purchase.

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With the exit of the UK from the European Union and the European Union Regulation 201/745 coming into effect on 26 May 2021, the regulatory landscape for medical devices is undergoing a substantial change, the implications of which will be felt by those procuring and using medical devices in clinical settings. This article outlines the changes that clinicians, as users of medical devices, should be aware of in the immediate future.

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Although artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms for diagnosis hold promise for improving care, their safety and effectiveness must be ensured to facilitate wide adoption. Several recently proposed regulatory frameworks provide a solid foundation but do not address a number of issues that may prevent algorithms from being fully trusted. In this article, we review the major regulatory frameworks for software as a medical device applications, identify major gaps, and propose additional strategies to improve the development and evaluation of diagnostic AI algorithms.

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Article Synopsis
  • Since its start in 2017, the publication has seen a surge in manuscripts focused on artificial intelligence applications, reflecting the field's rapid growth.
  • Initially, there was a strong emphasis on the advanced algorithms' capabilities, but concerns have now emerged regarding their outputs, particularly issues of bias and overfitting that can affect their reliability.
  • To enhance submission quality, the publication is providing authors with criteria for evaluating their AI-related research before submission.
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Article Synopsis
  • This text talks about a study that looks at how well deep learning algorithms (fancy computer programs) can do medical imaging tasks compared to expert doctors.
  • Researchers checked if the studies used good methods and if they were fair when comparing the algorithms to the doctors.
  • They found only 10 studies that really focused on how well these deep learning systems worked in real-life medical situations.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) continues to garner substantial interest in medical imaging. The potential applications are vast and include the entirety of the medical imaging life cycle from image creation to diagnosis to outcome prediction. The chief obstacles to development and clinical implementation of AI algorithms include availability of sufficiently large, curated, and representative training data that includes expert labeling (eg, annotations).

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The arrival of artificially intelligent systems into the domain of medical imaging has focused attention and sparked much debate on the role and responsibilities of the radiologist. However, discussion about the impact of such technology on the radiographer role is lacking. This paper discusses the potential impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the radiography profession by assessing current workflow and cross-mapping potential areas of AI automation such as procedure planning, image acquisition and processing.

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The purpose of this study was to establish interobserver reproducibility of Young's modulus (YM) derived from ultrasound shear wave elastography (US-SWE) in the normal prostate and correlate it with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) tissue characteristics. Twenty men being screened for prostate cancer underwent same-day US-SWE (10 done by two blinded, newly-trained observers) and mpMRI followed by 12-core biopsy. Bland-Altman plots established limits of agreement for YM.

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Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are key imaging modalities in prostate cancer diagnosis. MRI offers a range of intrinsic contrast mechanisms (T2, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), MR spectroscopy (MRS)) and extrinsic contrast-generating options based on tumour vascular state following injection of weakly paramagnetic agents such as gadolinium. Together these parameters are referred to as multiparametric (mp)MRI and are used for detecting and guiding biopsy and staging prostate cancer.

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Objective: To establish the interobserver reproducibility of tumour volumetry on individual multiparametric (mp) prostate MRI sequences, validate measurements with histology and determine whether functional to morphological volume ratios reflect Gleason score.

Methods: 41 males with prostate cancer treated with prostatectomy (Cohort 1) or radical radiotherapy (Cohort 2), who had pre-treatment mpMRI [T weighted (T2W) MRI, diffusion-weighted (DW)-MRI and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI], were studied retrospectively. Dominant intraprostatic lesions (DIPLs) were manually delineated on each sequence and volumes were compared between observers (n = 40 analyzable) and with radical prostatectomy (n = 20).

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A 38-year-old lady, with a history of recent caesarean section, was diagnosed with a silent uterine perforation by a copper intrauterine contraceptive device under fluoroscopic examination. The incidence of uterine perforation and the increased risk in the puerperium are discussed. The use of ultrasound as the first line investigation is recommended.

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