Impact of early extraction of the deciduous canine on relief of severe crowding.

Objectives: To explore whether there were any differences in orthodontic treatment need, treatment complexity, treatment time, or the number of visits between a group of children receiving early intervention (extraction of upper and lower deciduous canines) and an age- and condition-matched control group without intervention.

Materials And Methods: Patient records and study casts in the late mixed or early permanent dentitions of 46 subjects (20 from the extraction group and 26 from the control group) of an earlier prospective longitudinal study were retrieved. Orthodontic treatment need and complexity were assessed by the index of complexity, outcome, and need (ICON).

Distinguishing between global and dental self-esteem in evaluating malocclusions.

When dealing with the impact of malocclusion on self-esteem, the terms global and dental self-esteem are sometimes used. Although these terms are related to one another, they do not depict the same concept. The aims of this paper were to explore if the two forms of self-esteem are distinguishable, to find out if they represent different factors, and to investigate how they are related to malocclusion.

Pain relief after orthodontic archwire installation-a comparison between intervention with paracetamol and chewing gum: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Pain and discomfort are main concerns at the commencement of orthodontic treatment. It may have negative impact on compliance or even discourage patients from being treated. Orthodontic pain can be alleviated by paracetamol or use of chewing gum.

Predicting orthodontic treatment need: reliability and validity of the Demand for Orthodontic Treatment Questionnaire.

Objectives: To identify key measures in predicting orthodontic treatment need and to propose a self-assessment instrument that improves treatment need assessment.

Subjects And Methods: The study included 150 randomly selected 13-year-olds. A set of measures linked to a previous study on daily life impact of malocclusion was processed, resulting in an instrument, the Demand for Orthodontic Treatment Questionnaire (DOTQ), which was analysed regarding dimensionality, reliability and validity.

Determinants of orthodontic treatment need and demand: a cross-sectional path model study.

Objectives: To put forward a model predicting orthodontic treatment need and demand. Furthermore, to explore how much of the variance in treatment demand could be explained by a set of self-assessed measures, and how these measures relate to professionally assessed treatment need.

Subjects And Methods: One hundred and fifty adolescents, aged 13 years, completed a questionnaire which included a set of self-assessed measures dealing with self-esteem, such as dental and global self-esteem, various aspects of malocclusion, such as perceived malocclusion and perceived functional limitation, and treatment demand.

The Erasmus programme for postgraduate education in orthodontics in Europe: an update of the guidelines.

In 1989, the ERASMUS Bureau of the European Cultural Foundation of the Commission of the European Communities funded the development of a new 3-year curriculum for postgraduate education in orthodontics. The new curriculum was created by directors for orthodontic education representing 15 European countries. The curriculum entitled 'Three years Postgraduate Programme in Orthodontics: the Final Report of the Erasmus Project' was published 1992.

Daily life impact of malocclusion in Swedish adolescents: a grounded theory study.

Objective: To explore how malocclusions affect daily life in adolescents and how adolescents cope with malocclusion-related distress.

Materials And Methods: Twelve strategically selected teenagers, seven girls and five boys aged 13-14 years, participated in this study. Open, tape-recorded in-depth interviews based on Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were performed using a theme guide and analyzed according to the qualitative method of classic grounded theory (GT).

Disturbances in dental development and craniofacial growth in children treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Objectives: To investigate the correlation between age, degree of disturbances in dental development, and vertical growth of the face in children treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Patients: 39 long-term survivors of HSCT performed in childhood and transplanted before the age of 12, at a mean age of 6.8±3.

Mandibular incisor alignment and dental arch changes 1 year after extraction of deciduous canines.

This study investigated the early effects on mandibular incisor irregularity and rotation together with dental arch dimensions of the extraction of four deciduous canines. Children, during early mixed dentition, were randomized into one extraction (n = 32) and one control (n = 41) group. Dental casts from baseline (T0) and 1 year follow-up (T1) were used to evaluate changes in the irregularity index and in mandibular incisor rotation, dental arch dimensions, overjet, and overbite.

Pain and fear in connection to orthodontic extractions of deciduous canines.

Background: Interceptive extractions of deciduous canines are, from a patient perspective, poorly investigated.

Aims: To describe pain, discomfort, and dental fear in connection to extractions of the deciduous canines, indicated as an orthodontic treatment procedure.

Design: Thirty-two Swedish children aged 7-9 years had all four deciduous canines extracted over three occasions.

Opinions of American and Swedish orthodontists about the role of erupting third molars as a cause of dental crowding.

Objective: To compare the opinions of Swedish orthodontists and American orthodontists regarding the association between third molar eruption and dental crowding.

Materials And Methods: A survey was distributed to Swedish orthodontists (n = 230) asking their views on the force exerted by erupting third molars, its relationship to crowding, and their recommendations for prophylactic removal. Results were compared with those from a similar study conducted in the United States.

Orthodontic study cast analysis--reproducibility of recordings and agreement between conventional and 3D virtual measurements.

Digital imaging of dental casts has become an alternative to conventional cast analysis in orthodontic treatment planning. The reproducibility of angular measurements made on virtual digital models has not as yet been evaluated. In order to study reproducibility for and agreement between a conventional analysis technique and virtual 3D imaging, 20 dental casts from subjects in the early mixed dentition, were measured twice with each technique by two orthodontists.

Uniformity in selection for subsidized orthodontic care--focus on borderline treatment need.

In the county of Stockholm, subsidized orthodontic care is offered to roughly 25% of persons under the age of 19. Stockholm County Council has signed contracts with experienced orthodontists (consultants) to carry the responsibility of screening and offering subsidized treatment to those having the most urgent treatment need. For this purpose the orthodontist is free to use whatever yardstick he/she finds most useful.

Craniofacial morphology, head posture, and nasal respiratory resistance in obstructive sleep apnoea: an inter-ethnic comparison.

The aim of this study was to measure craniofacial morphology and nasal respiratory resistance (NRR) in Malay, Indian and Chinese subjects with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The sample consisted of 34 male subjects, 27-52 years of age (Malay n = 11, which included five mild and six moderate-severe OSA; Indian n = 11, which included six mild and five moderate-severe OSA; and Chinese n = 12, which included six mild and six moderate-severe OSA) diagnosed using overnight polysomnography. After use of a decongestant, NRR was recorded using anterior and posterior rhinomanometry.

Morphology of Singapore chinese.

The aims of this study were to provide a description of the craniofacial morphology of Singaporean Chinese children and to compare gender differences. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained of 81 Singaporean Chinese children (31 boys and 50 girls; mean age 12.7 and 12.

Dental maturation in children with shunt-treated hydrocephalus.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between dental maturation and somatic development and to discover their possible deviations in children with shunt-treated hydrocephalus.

Design: Radiographs (orthopantomogram and hand-wrist radiograph) from children with shunt-treated hydrocephalus were analyzed with respect to the dental maturation and compared with values of an age- and sex-matched control group and population standards.

Patients: Forty-one children with shunt-treated hydrocephalus (27 boys and 14 girls) aged from 5 to 16 years (median age 11.

Trunk asymmetry and facial symmetry in young adults.

The aim of the present study was to detect possible associations between trunk and cervical asymmetry and facial symmetry. Frontal cephalograms prepared in the natural head position, representing 79 subjects (40 males, 39 females) with mild to moderate trunk asymmetry, were analyzed separately for thoracic humps, lumbar prominences, and cervical inclination by discriminating two groups: right-sided-dominant and left-sided-dominant. The differences between the groups were analyzed using an unpaired 2-group t test.

Evaluation of the validity of tooth size and arch width measurements using conventional and three-dimensional virtual orthodontic models.

Measurements and different analyses of dental casts are essential for precise diagnosis of an orthodontic case. At present, virtual computerized models, such as OrthoCAD, are available for clinicians, supplemented by dedicated software for performing needed measurements on them. The purpose of this study was to test the accuracy of measuring casts with the aid of calipers or OrthoCAD and compare these two techniques.

Maximal bite force and its associations with spinal posture and craniofacial morphology in young adults.

Maximal bite force (MBF) and its associations with craniofacial morphology and spinal posture were studied in a group of young adults (46 M and 38 F) aged 21 to 23 years. MBF was recorded in molar and incisal regions. Sagittal spinal posture was measured by spinal pantography and trunk asymmetry at thoracic and lumbar levels by a forward-bending test.

Is tooth agenesis related to brainstem anomalies in myelomeningocele patients with Chiari II malformations?

Defects in the prenatal development of the brainstem can result in cranial nerve deficiencies. As the development of tooth germ is dependent on n. trigeminus, which originates from the brainstem, the hypothesis underlying this study was that anomalies of the brainstem would lead to an increased prevalence of tooth agenesis.

Craniofacial morphology in obese adolescents.

Overweight and obesity are growing problems in the world today. A recent survey shows that about 30% of the adolescent and adult Swedish population is overweight or obese. The etiology is a combination of many factors, the most important of which are physical inactivity and high caloric diet.

Mapping of the second locus for the Van der Woude syndrome to chromosome 1p34.

The Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is a dominantly inherited developmental disorder characterized by pits and/or sinuses of the lower lip, cleft lip and/or cleft palate. It is the most common cleft syndrome. VWS has shown remarkable genetic homogeneity in all populations, and so far, all families reported have been linked to 1q32-q41.

Orthodontic treatment in long-term survivors after pediatric bone marrow transplantation.

Children treated for childhood cancers with both radiation and chemotherapy often exhibit disturbances in dental development. A retrospective analysis of treatment outcome in 10 orthodontically treated children was performed. A questionnaire was sent to each child's orthodontist, and 5 orthodontists reported that the patient's medical condition influenced their choice of treatment plan.

Long-term follow-up of early treatment of unilateral forced posterior cross-bite with regard to temporomandibular disorders and associated symptoms.

Forty-four subjects, who at the age of 4 years had been treated for unilateral forced cross-bite by grinding or by maxillary arch expansion, were 16-19 years later followed-up by means of a questionnaire about their present condition with regard to temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Twenty-two of them had received only early treatment (early questionnaire group) and 22 had received late treatment (late questionnaire group). Fourteen of the subjects who received late treatment also received early treatment.