Gustatory Function in Patients With Cerebellopontine Angle Masses.

Objective: To investigate the impact of cerebellopontine angle (CPA) masses on subjective and measured taste function.

Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Can MRI predict olfactory loss and improvement in posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction?

Background: Although most patients with post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction (PTOD) undergo MRI, there is no consensus about its diagnostic or prognostic value. The aims were: 1) to classify the extent of post-traumatic neurodegeneration; 2) to determine its relationship with chemosensory dysfunction (smell, taste, trigeminal); and 3) to establish whether MRI can predict olfactory improvement.

Methodology: We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on a series of 56 patients with PTOD.

Predictive factors of involuntary weight loss in patients with smell and taste disorders.

Background: Chemosensory dysfunction (olfaction, taste, and trigeminal) affects quality of life, potentially impacting eating behaviors. We investigated which factors are associated with weight loss in patients with smell and taste disorders.

Methods: Retrospective study of consecutive adult patients seen in the smell and taste clinic during a 10-year period.

Trigeminal impairment in treatment-refractory chronic nasal obstruction.

Background: Patients with anatomically unexplained, chronic nasal obstruction (CNO) that is refractory to medical treatment pose a challenge for clinicians. A surgical solution, addressing mechanical obstacles, is unsuited for these patients. CNO may result from disrupted airflow perception due to activation of the intranasal trigeminal system; therefore, aim of this study is to evaluate if intranasal trigeminal function of these CNO patients is decreased.

Olfactory Fluctuation Revisited.

Objectives: Many patients complain about olfactory fluctuation (OF), which is a symptom commonly attributed to sinonasal disease. Data-based evidence for its association with sinonasal disease is scarce. The aim of the study is to identify explanatory variables associated with OF and to analyze its predictive value regarding sinonasal disease.

Olfactory and Gustatory Function in Patients With Different Types of Maxillofacial Trauma.

Objectives/hypothesis: To investigate olfactory and gustatory function in patients with maxillofacial trauma and associated fractures.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Olfactory and gustatory function was assessed psychophysically in 124 patients who had sustained maxillofacial trauma with an associated fracture.

Chemosensory decrease in different forms of olfactory dysfunction.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of olfactory dysfunction (OD) on the two other chemical senses, namely gustation and the intranasal trigeminal system. Taste and trigeminal function were analyzed in a retrospective cross-sectional study of 178 participants with OD (n = 78 posttraumatic, n = 42 idiopathic, n = 27 post-infectious and n = 31 chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) OD). All patients had been investigated for OD at our smell and taste outpatient clinic.

Application of the European Test of Olfactory Capabilities in patients with olfactory impairment.

A central issue in olfaction concerns the characterization of loss of olfactory function: partial (hyposmia) or total (anosmia). This paper reports the application in a clinical setting of the European Test of Olfactory Capabilities (ETOC), combining odor detection and identification. The study included three phases.

Diarrheagenic enteroaggregative Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infection and bacteremia leading to sepsis.

We report a case of a 55-year-old immunocompromised female who presented to the emergency department with severe diarrhea and vomiting following travel to the Philippines. Stool bacteriology revealed a mixed infection involving an enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and two distinct strains of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC). During hospitalization, urine and blood culture tested positive for one of the diarrheagenic EAEC strains, necessitating urinary catheterization, intensive care, and antimicrobial treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, followed by meropenem.

Mandibular sagittal split osteotomy: is a bicortical 2-screw osteosynthesis adequate?

The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the use of the Hunsuck/Epker–type mandibular split osteotomy together with osteosynthesis with placement of 2 bicortical positioning screws without the adjunctive use of a postoperative maxilla-mandibular fixation in the treatment of mandibular dentofacial deformities. We analyzed the clinical and radiologic data of 54 patients with dentofacial deformities. We recorded age and sex, status of healing, and complications.

Large-scale production of bioactive ingredients as supplements for healthy human and animal nutrition.

In this review, synthetic strategies and the development of environmentally benign methods for the production of economically important vitamins, carotenoids, and nutraceuticals used as food and feed supplements are illustrated by selected examples. The application of efficient catalytic transformations in multi-step chemical syntheses of such natural products enables technically feasible and cost-effective processes. For the preparation of fat-soluble (isoprenoid) vitamins A and E and the water-soluble vitamin (+)-biotin, homogeneous metal catalysis, including enantioselective transformations, heterogeneous and enzymatic catalysis serve as key methodologies.

Olfactory function improves following hemodialysis.

Olfactory function has been shown to be affected in chronic kidney disease; however, studies are contradictory and little is known on the effects of dialysis. To resolve these issues we tested olfactory function in 24 healthy controls and in 28 patients with chronic kidney disease receiving hemodialysis (20 patients) or peritoneal dialysis (the other 8). As assays for olfactory function we measured smell identification, n-butanol and acetic acid thresholds, Kt/V urea, percentage reduced urea, and weights before and after dialysis.

[Non-union of the maxilla: a rare complication after Le Fort I osteotomy].

Introduction: Maxillary non-union following Le Fort I osteotomy is a rare complication in orthognathic surgery. We report our experience and analyze the possible etiological factors.

Patients And Method: We retrospectively analyzed the files of 150 patients having undergone Le Fort I osteotomy, between 1996 and 2006, screening for maxillary non-union.

Severe dental malocclusion: a rare and insidious complication of mandibular advancement devices for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome treatment.

Objectives: Severe dental malocclusion resulting from mandibular advancement devices (MADs) for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is extremely rare. Reporting of such situations is therefore useful for clinicians managing OSAS.

Study Design: We report the unusual cases of 4 patients who developed a severe circular dental open bite related to the use of a MAD.

[Dental implants and radiotherapy].

Dental implants on irradiated and often grafted bone, in patients previously treated for head and neck cancer is a controversial issue. For some specialists, particularly in North-America they constitute a formal contra indication. However, a review of 21 studies reported mainly by European specialists argues that these implants can be done with an acceptable rate of complications, confirming our clinical observation.

Olfactory disorders: the patients' view.

Objective: To investigate the level of knowledge that patients had about their olfactory disorder at the time of presentation to a specialist Olfaction Clinic.

Design: Multi-centered, cohort study of consecutive patients presenting to specialist Olfaction Clinics surveyed using a standardized questionnaire.

Setting: Tertiary referral Olfactory Clinics in Geneva, Switzerland and Dresden, Germany.

Retronasal olfactory function in Parkinson's disease.

Objectives/hypothesis: Orthonasal olfaction is severely altered in PD patients. Retronasal olfactory function has been shown to be preserved under certain conditions even in the absence of orthonasal function. This study was undertaken to investigate retronasal versus orthonasal olfactory function in Parkinson's disease (PD).

[Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Rehabilitation].

Introduction: Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (EAD) is an inherited syndrome with an incidence of one per 100,000 live births and is characterized by hypotrichosis, anhidrosis or hypohidrosis, and oligodontia. Various treatment options for the dental rehabilitation of children presenting with this disease have been published. There is however no consensus on what age implants should be placed.

Olfactory function and nasal nitric oxide.

Objective: To determine the relationship between nasal nitric oxide (nNO) concentration and its influence on olfactory function.

Setting: Tertiary otolaryngology care centre.

Participants: Sixty-four patients suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis and 20 healthy subjects participated.

Gustatory function after microlaryngoscopy.

Conclusion: Quantitative gustatory alterations are rare after microlaryngoscopy (MLS), whereas transient qualitative taste distortions occur more often. Patients undergoing MLS should know that mild but transient qualitative taste disorders may occur.

Objective: Suspension MLS requires neck extension and tongue compression.

[Needle breakage: a rare and potentially dangerous complication during local anaesthesia].

Introduction: Needle breakage is a rare complication during local oral anesthesia administration. The authors describe the surgical procedure used to remove a broken dental needle and how to prevent this complication.

Case Report: The authors present the case of a 52-year-old man who was referred by his general dental practitioner for needle breakage during an inferior alveolar nerve block.

Man as the measure of all things: a limiting approach to urban regeneration?

Urban planning and change in the last century has been guided by concepts of Modernity rooted in the Age of Enlightenment that placed the needs of "rational man" at the core of human endeavors of all kinds. Yet, rather than leading to aesthetically beautiful cities characterized by sustainable resource utilization processes, the anthropocentric approach to urban and economic development has created global problems of depletion of natural resources, massive pollution and growing social imbalances within and between nation states. The widely heralded concept of (economically, environmentally, and socially) sustainable development has not yet produced a fundamental rethinking of our patterns of production and consumption.