Not the Silver Bullet: Uncovering the Unexpected Limited Impacts of Silver-Containing Showerheads on the Drinking Water Microbiome.

The incidence of waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States attributed to drinking water-associated pathogens that can cause infections in the immunocompromised DWPIs (e.g., , nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), and , among others) appears to be increasing.

Restoration treatments enhance tree growth and alter climatic constraints during extreme drought.

The frequency and severity of drought events are predicted to increase due to anthropogenic climate change, with cascading effects across forested ecosystems. Management activities such as forest thinning and prescribed burning, which are often intended to mitigate fire hazard and restore ecosystem processes, may also help promote tree resistance to drought. However, it is unclear whether these treatments remain effective during the most severe drought conditions or whether their impacts differ across environmental gradients.

Intranasal long R3 insulin-like growth factor-1 treatment promotes amyloid plaque remodeling in cerebral cortex but fails to preserve cognitive function in male 5XFAD mice.

Background: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) promotes neurogenesis, cell survival, and glial function, making it a promising candidate therapy in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Objective: Long arginine 3-IGF-1 (LR3-IGF-1) is a potent IGF-1 analogue. We sought to determine whether intranasal (IN) LR3 treatment would delay cognitive decline and pathology in 5XFAD mice.

An In-depth Exploration of the Interplay between fMRI Methods and Theory in Cognitive Neuroscience.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been a cornerstone of cognitive neuroscience since its invention in the 1990s. The methods that we use for fMRI data analysis allow us to test different theories of the brain, thus different analyses can lead us to different conclusions about how the brain produces cognition. There has been a centuries-long debate about the nature of neural processing, with some theories arguing for functional specialization or localization (e.

Immunogenicity, Efficacy, and Safety of Biosimilar Insulin Glargine (Gan & Lee Glargine) Compared With Originator Insulin Glargine (Lantus) in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes After 26 Weeks Treatment.

Objective: To compare the immunogenicity, safety, and efficacy of Gan & Lee insulin glargine (GL Glargine) with that of the originator insulin glargine (Lantus) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods: This was a phase 3, multicenter, randomized, open-label, equivalence study. Five hundred seventy-six subjects with T1DM were randomized 1:1 to receive either GL Glargine or Lantus treatment for 26 weeks.

Asymptomatic COVID-19-Associated Acquired Hemophilia A and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation From a Bypassing Agent.

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a clotting disorder characterized by the presence of neutralizing antibodies that inhibit factor VIII, resulting in increased bleeding risk. Known etiologies include malignancy, autoimmune conditions, graft-vs-host disease, and more recently coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. In this case report, we describe an 86-year-old female who was found to have AHA incidentally during preoperative workup for meningioma resection.

Young blood-mediated cerebromicrovascular rejuvenation through heterochronic parabiosis: enhancing blood-brain barrier integrity and capillarization in the aged mouse brain.

Age-related cerebromicrovascular changes, including blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and microvascular rarefaction, play a significant role in the development of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and neurodegenerative diseases. Utilizing the unique model of heterochronic parabiosis, which involves surgically joining young and old animals, we investigated the influence of systemic factors on these vascular changes. Our study employed heterochronic parabiosis to explore the effects of young and aged systemic environments on cerebromicrovascular aging in mice.

Immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety of biosimilar insulin glargine (Gan & Lee glargine) compared with originator insulin glargine (Lantus®) in patients with type 2 diabetes after 26 weeks' treatment: A randomized open label study.

Aim: To evaluate the equivalence of immunogenicity, safety and efficacy of Gan & Lee (GL) Glargine (Basalin®; Gan & Lee Pharmaceutical) with that of the reference product (Lantus®) in adult participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: This was a phase 3, multicenter, open-label, equivalence trial conducted across 57 sites. In total, 567 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to undergo treatment with either GL Glargine or Lantus® for 26 weeks.

Thermoneutral temperature exposure enhances slow-wave sleep with a correlated improvement in amyloid pathology in a triple-transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. There is growing evidence that disordered sleep may accelerate AD pathology by impeding the physiological clearance of Aβ from the brain that occurs in normal sleep. Therapeutic strategies for improving sleep quality may therefore help slow disease progression.

Selective REM sleep restriction in mice using a device designed for tunable somatosensory stimulation.

Background: Sleep perturbation is widely used to investigate the physiological mechanisms that mediate sleep-wake dynamics, and to isolate the specific roles of sleep in health and disease. However, state-of-the-art methods to accomplish sleep perturbation in preclinical models are limited in their throughput, flexibility, and specificity.

New Method: A system was developed to deliver vibro-tactile somatosensory stimulation aimed at controlled, selective sleep perturbation.

Rejuvenation of cerebromicrovascular function in aged mice through heterochronic parabiosis: insights into neurovascular coupling and the impact of young blood factors.

Age-related impairment of neurovascular coupling (NVC; "functional hyperemia") is a critical factor in the development of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Recent geroscience research indicates that cell-autonomous mechanisms alone cannot explain all aspects of neurovascular aging. Circulating factors derived from other organs, including pro-geronic factors (increased with age and detrimental to vascular homeostasis) and anti-geronic factors (preventing cellular aging phenotypes and declining with age), are thought to orchestrate cellular aging processes.

Redescriptions of Spinitectus acipenseri and S. micracanthus (Nematoda, Cystidicolidae), with notes on the taxonomy of Spinitectus-like nematodes parasitising North American fishes.

Based on light microscopical and scanning electron microscopical (SEM) examinations, two North American species of Spinitectus Fourment, 1884, S. acipenseri Choudhury & Dick, 1992 and S. micracanthus Christian, 1972 (Nematoda, Cystidicolidae) are redescribed from museum voucher specimens (S.

Prolonged development of forced-choice recognition when targets are paired with non-corresponding lures.

Previous research suggests that mnemonic discrimination (i.e., the ability to discriminate between previously encountered and novel stimuli even when they are highly similar) improves substantially during childhood.

Goal-oriented representations in the human hippocampus during planning and navigation.

Recent work in cognitive and systems neuroscience has suggested that the hippocampus might support planning, imagination, and navigation by forming cognitive maps that capture the abstract structure of physical spaces, tasks, and situations. Navigation involves disambiguating similar contexts, and the planning and execution of a sequence of decisions to reach a goal. Here, we examine hippocampal activity patterns in humans during a goal-directed navigation task to investigate how contextual and goal information are incorporated in the construction and execution of navigational plans.

Damage-Free Shortening of Telomeres Is a Potential Strategy Supporting Blind Mole-Rat Longevity.

Telomere shortening or loss of shelterin components activates DNA damage response (DDR) pathways, leading to a replicative senescence that is usually coupled with a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Recent studies suggested that telomere aberration that activates DDR may occur, irrespective of telomere length or loss of shelterin complex. The blind mole-rat () is a subterranean rodent with exceptional longevity, and its cells demonstrate an uncoupling of senescence and SASP inflammatory components.

Nematode eggshells: A new anatomical and terminological framework, with a critical review of relevant literature and suggested guidelines for the interpretation and reporting of eggshell imagery.

A literature review for a recent ultrastructural study of a trichinelloid eggshell revealed consistently occurring errors in the literature on nematode eggshell anatomy. Examples included nematodes of medical, veterinary, and agricultural importance in several orders. Previous researchers had warned of some of these errors decades ago, but a comprehensive solution was not offered until 2012 when a clarifying new anatomical and developmental interpretation of nematode eggshells was proposed by members of the Caenorhabditis elegans Research Community.

Intestinal stem cell aging at single-cell resolution: Transcriptional perturbations alter cell developmental trajectory reversed by gerotherapeutics.

The intestinal epithelium consists of cells derived from continuously cycling Lgr5 intestinal stem cells (Lgr5 ISCs) that mature developmentally in an ordered fashion as the cells progress along the crypt-luminal axis. Perturbed function of Lgr5 ISCs with aging is documented, but the consequent impact on overall mucosal homeostasis has not been defined. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, the progressive maturation of progeny was dissected in the mouse intestine, which revealed that transcriptional reprogramming with aging in Lgr5 ISCs retarded the maturation of cells in their progression along the crypt-luminal axis.

An optimized mouse parabiosis protocol for investigation of aging and rejuvenative mechanisms.

Surgical parabiosis enables sharing of the circulating milieu between two organisms. This powerful model presents diverse complications based on age, strain, sex, and other experimental parameters. Here, we provide an optimized parabiosis protocol for the surgical union of two mice internally at the elbow and knee joints with continuous external joining of the skin.

Forest restoration treatments increased growth and did not change survival of ponderosa pines in severe drought, Arizona.

We report on survival and growth of ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson) 2 decades after forest restoration treatments in the G.

Combining egoformative and alloformative cues in a novel tabletop navigation task.

Previous work has shown how different interfaces (i.e., route navigation, maps, or a combination of the two) influence spatial knowledge and recollection.

n. sp. (Nematoda: Trichosomoididae: Huffmanelinae): A new species infecting the skin of the great hammerhead shark () and the blacktip reef shark () in the Arabian Gulf, off-shore Saudi Arabia.

From January 2017 - December 2019, 75 out of 850 (8.8 %) great hammerhead sharks from the Arabian Gulf had skin lesions of black irregular discolorations on the ventral surface of the head. The lesions consisted of pencil-like lineations often advancing forward by about 2 mm in back-and-forth looped scribbles often forming a relatively linear bands of about 5-7 cm wide.

Evidence for preserved insulin responsiveness in the aging rat brain.

Insulin appears to exert salutary effects in the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, brain insulin resistance has been proposed to play a role in brain aging and dementia but is conceptually complex and unlikely to fit classic definitions established in peripheral tissues. Thus, we sought to characterize brain insulin responsiveness in young (4-5 months) and old (24 months) FBN male rats using a diverse set of assays to determine the extent to which insulin effects in the CNS are impaired with age.

Huffmanela cf. huffmani (Nematoda: Trichosomoididae) infecting swim bladder, peritoneum, and gonad of variable platyfish, Xiphophorus variatus (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae) and eastern mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki (Poeciliidae) in Florida; taxonomy, phylogenetic analysis, and pathological changes.

Variable platyfish, Xiphophorus variatus (Meek, 1904) (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae) and eastern mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859 (Poeciliidae) from earthen ponds in west central Florida were examined for parasitic infections. At necropsy, we observed myriad nematodes (adults and eggs), which we identified as Huffmanela cf. huffmani, infecting the swim bladder, gonad, and visceral peritoneum.