Toward structured abdominal examination training using augmented reality.

Purpose: Structured abdominal examination is an essential part of the medical curriculum and surgical training, requiring a blend of theory and practice from trainees. Current training methods, however, often do not provide adequate engagement, fail to address individual learning needs or do not cover rare diseases.

Methods: In this work, an application for structured Abdominal Examination Training using Augmented Reality (AETAR) is presented.

[Virtual reality in liver surgery-Planning, advanced training, testing].

Anatomical structures of the liver could be reconstructed three dimensionally from preoperative cross-sectional imaging for over 20 years. This three-dimensional (3D) representation not only optimizes the preoperative planning options but also the communication of specific operation-relevant structures can be improved using 3D models. In addition to a plastic and interactive visualization of 3D organ models, the disruptive technology of virtual reality (VR) can also provide a possibility for structured training and further education regarding surgical anatomy of the liver and operation planning.

Immersive virtual reality for interdisciplinary trauma management - initial evaluation of a training tool prototype.

Introduction: Emergency care of critically ill patients in the trauma room is an integral part of interdisciplinary work in hospitals. Live threatening injuries require swift diagnosis, prioritization, and treatment; thus, different medical specialties need to work together closely for optimal patient care. Training is essential to facilitate smooth performance.

[Surgery for primary splenic tumors and metastases of the spleen].

The correct indications for surgical treatment of primary splenic tumors as well as metastases of the spleen are challenging due to the rarity of the various entities. Primary solid splenic tumors include benign lesions, such as hemangiomas, hamartomas and sclerosing angiomatous nodular transformation (SANT) of the spleen. In these cases, surgical treatment is indicated only in the case of inconclusive imaging and after careful consideration of the risk-benefit ratio, even in the case of pronounced symptoms.

[Evidence, Availability and Future Visions in Simulation in General and Visceral Surgery].

Practice makes perfect - a saying that everyone has certainly heard. Surgeons of all levels of training can demonstrably practice to some extent on simulators. This training outside the operating theatre and independent of patients makes sense, both ethically and financially.

Education Team Time Out in Oncologic Visceral Surgery Optimizes Surgical Resident Training and Team Communication-Results of a Prospective Trial.

Background: Surgical education is highly dependent on intraoperative communication. Trainers must know the trainee's training level to ensure high-quality surgical training. A systematic preoperative dialogue (Educational Team Time Out, ETO) was established to discuss the steps of each surgical procedure.

Real-Time Augmented Reality Annotation for Surgical Education during Laparoscopic Surgery: Results from a Single-Center Randomized Controlled Trial and Future Aspects.

Background: We developed an interactive augmented reality tool (HoloPointer) that enables real-time annotation on a laparoscopy monitor for intraoperative guidance. This application operates exclusively via verbal commands and head movements to ensure a sterile workflow.

Study Design: Purpose of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the integration of this new technology into the operating room.

[Liver Surgery 4.0 - Planning, Volumetry, Navigation and Virtual Reality].

Due to the optimisation of conservative treatment, the improvement of imaging methods and the continuous development of surgical techniques, the borders of resectability in liver surgery have changed significantly in recent decades.Thanks to numerous technical developments, in particular three-dimensional segmentation, preoperative planning and orientation during the operation itself, can now be facilitated, especially in complex procedures.New technologies such as 3D printing as well as virtual and augmented reality offer additional display options for the patients' individual anatomy.

A comparison of input devices for precise interaction tasks in VR-based surgical planning and training.

To exploit the potential of virtual reality (VR) in medicine, the input devices must be selected carefully due to their different benefits. In this work, input devices for common interaction tasks in medical VR planning and training are compared. Depending on the specific purpose, different requirements exist.

Virtual reality and 3D printing improve preoperative visualization of 3D liver reconstructions-results from a preclinical comparison of presentation modalities and user's preference.

Background: Preoperative three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions for liver surgery planning have been shown to be effective in reduction of blood loss and operation time. However, the role of the 'presentation modality' is not well investigated. We present the first study to compare 3D PDFs, 3D printed models (PR) and virtual reality (VR) 3D models with regard to anatomical orientation and personal preferences in a high volume liver surgery center.

Using virtual 3D-models in surgical planning: workflow of an immersive virtual reality application in liver surgery.

Purpose: Three-dimensional (3D) surgical planning is widely accepted in liver surgery. Currently, the 3D reconstructions are usually presented as 3D PDF data on regular monitors. 3D-printed liver models are sometimes used for education and planning.

[Surgical Education in the Digital Age - Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality and Robotics in the Medical School].

Background: The digital transformation of healthcare is changing the medical profession. Augmented/Virtual Reality (AR/VR) and robotics are being increasingly used in different clinical contexts and require supporting education and training, which must begin within the medical school. There is currently a large discrepancy between the high demand and the number of scientifically proven concepts.

Toward interprofessional team training for surgeons and anesthesiologists using virtual reality.

Purpose: In this work, a virtual environment for interprofessional team training in laparoscopic surgery is proposed. Our objective is to provide a tool to train and improve intraoperative communication between anesthesiologists and surgeons during laparoscopic procedures.

Methods: An anesthesia simulation software and laparoscopic simulation software are combined within a multi-user virtual reality (VR) environment.

Experiences With Three-dimensional Printing in Complex Liver Surgery.

Objective: We present a series of cases where we used 3D printing in planning of complex liver surgery.

Background: In liver surgery, three-dimensional reconstruction of the liver anatomy, in particular of vascular structures, has shown to be helpful in operation planning. So far, 3D printing has been used for medical applications only rarely.

Rating of camera navigation skills in colorectal surgery.

Purpose: In advanced minimally invasive surgery the laparoscopic camera navigation (LCN) quality can influence the flow of the operation. This study aimed to investigate the applicability of a scoring system for LCN (SALAS score) in colorectal surgery and whether an adequate scoring can be achieved using a specified sequence of the operation.

Methods: The score was assessed by four blinded raters using synchronized video and voice recordings of 20 randomly selected laparoscopic colorectal surgeries (group A: assessment of the entire operation; group B: assessment of the 2nd and 3rd quartile).

Local, semi-automatic, three-dimensional liver reconstruction or external provider? An analysis of performance and time expense.

Purpose: In hepatobiliary surgery, preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction based on CT or MRI can be provided externally or by local, semi-automatic software. We analyzed the time expense and quality of external versus local three-dimensional reconstructions.

Methods: Three first-year residents reconstructed data from 20 patients with liver pathologies using a local, semi-automatic, server-based program.

[Right Trisectionectomy and Hilar Resection with Resection and Reconstruction of the Portal Vein Bifurcation and Left Hepatic Vein in Cholangiocellular Carcinoma].

Complete surgical resection of intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma is considered the primary option for curative treatment. With tumour extension, resection and reconstruction of vascular structures can be necessary. Three dimensional planning of surgical resection can be useful in selected cases.

Structured assessment of laparoscopic camera navigation skills: the SALAS score.

Background: Tools are needed to assess laparoscopic camera navigation (LCN) in the operating room. Here, we aimed to develop an objective rating scale for LCN.

Study Design: We defined the following key aspects of LCN: operational field centering, correct angle of the horizon, correct instrument visualization, verbal commands from the operating surgeon, and manual corrections from the operating surgeon.