Nucleosome Spacing Can Fine-Tune Higher Order Chromatin Assembly.

Cellular chromatin displays heterogeneous structure and dynamics, properties that control diverse nuclear processes. Models invoke phase separation of conformational ensembles of chromatin fibers as a mechanism regulating chromatin organization . Here we combine biochemistry and molecular dynamics simulations to examine, at single base-pair resolution, how nucleosome spacing controls chromatin phase separation.

Sexual dimorphism on the acute effect of exercise in the morning vs. evening: A randomized crossover study.

Background: Mammalian cells possess molecular clocks, the adequate functioning of which is decisive for metabolic health. Exercise is known to modulate these clocks, potentially having distinct effects on metabolism depending on the time of day. This study aimed to investigate the impact of morning vs.

Enhancing navigation and obstacle avoidance with a vibrotactile device as secondary electronic travel aid.

People with visual impairments commonly rely on the use of a white cane to navigate and avoid obstacles. Although this analog tool is highly reliable and easy to use, its drawback is the impossibility to anticipate obstacles beyond reach and routes, as well as obstacles above waist level. Electronic travel aids (ETAs) and sensory substitution devices (SSDs) are new technological solutions designed to enhance the tactile and/or auditory capabilities to access the information needed to overcome those drawbacks.

Energy efficiency in medium-scale airports: Two Mexican airports as case of study.

Reducing energy consumption in the operation of airports has been identified as one of the approaches to achieve the commitments of the countries in reducing their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The first step in this approach is the development of an energy diagnostic. However, multiple practical aspects remain unresolved when applying the existing methodologies to perform energy diagnostics, especially in the case of small and medium-scale airports.

Structural dynamics in chromatin unraveling by pioneer transcription factors.

Pioneer transcription factors are proteins with a dual function. First, they regulate transcription by binding to nucleosome-free DNA regulatory elements. Second, they bind to DNA while wrapped around histone proteins in the chromatin and mediate chromatin opening.

Does curcumin improve liver enzymes levels in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.

The aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate the sources of heterogeneity in randomized clinical trials examining the effects of curcumin supplementation on liver aminotransferases in subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We conducted a systematic search of the PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases for randomized clinical trials and identified 15 studies (n = 835 subjects). We used random-effects models with DerSimonian-Laird methods to analyze the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes.

The role of muscle disuse in muscular and cardiovascular fitness: A systematic review and meta-regression.

We aimed to assess the effects of muscle disuse on muscle strength (MS), muscle mass (MM) and cardiovascular fitness. Databases were scrutinized to identify human studies assessing the effects of muscle disuse on both (1) MM and (2) maximal oxygen uptake (VO) and/or MS. Random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression with initial physical fitness and length of the protocol as a priori determined moderators were performed.

The Effects of Acute Deep Seawater Supplementation on Muscle Function after Triathlon.

Trainers and athletes have always sought to reduce the failure of muscle function during long endurance events. However, nowadays, it is a topic that is generating much debate in the scientific field. Currently, deep-sea water (DSW) intake seems to be a suitable hydration alternative for this type of endurance event.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Pharmacological Treatment for Adult Kidney Transplant Recipients in Colombia.

Objectives: To evaluate cost-effective pharmacological treatment in adult kidney transplant recipients from the perspective of the Colombian health system.

Methods: A decision tree model for the induction phase and a Markov model for the maintenance phase were built. A review of the clinical literature was conducted to extract probabilities, and the life-years were used as the outcome.

Early heart and skeletal muscle mitochondrial response to a moderate hypobaric hypoxia environment.

In eukaryotic cells, aerobic energy is produced by mitochondria through oxygen uptake. However, little is known about the early mitochondrial responses to moderate hypobaric hypoxia (MHH) in highly metabolic active tissues. Here, we describe the mitochondrial responses to acute MHH in the heart and skeletal muscle.

The Role of Education in Nanomedicine as a Current Need for Academic Programs Related to the Healthcare Field: A Scoping Review.

Introduction: Clinical research has recently focused on developing diagnostic and therapeutic alternatives through nanomedicine, and it has become essential for both current and coming healthcare professionals, especially medical residents, to know about it to face actual challenges in the setup of their professional practice.

Approach: This scoping review was conducted to show the relevance of nanomedicine in the formation of medical residents and to determine the educational strategies proposed worldwide for their teaching.

Results: 12 records met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, including information related to the importance of teaching nanotechnology, possible educational approaches, or the best action strategies for incorporating said teaching.

Biofilm busters: Exploring the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of essential oils against Enteritidis.

This study delves into an exploration of the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of the essential oils (EOs) of cinnamon, garlic, and onion on Enteritidis. Firstly, disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) techniques were employed to assess the antibacterial activity of the EOs. Additionally, the study explored the effect of these EOs on both initial cell attachment and 24 h-preformed biofilms.

Cost-Effectiveness of Tacrolimus Compared With Cyclosporine for Immunosuppression Therapy in Patients Who Underwent Heart Transplant in Colombia.

Objectives: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of pharmacological treatment in maintenance therapy for adult heart transplant recipients from the Colombian health system perspective.

Methods: We constructed a decision tree model with a 1-year time horizon. A review of the clinical literature was performed to extract probabilities of health events and acute rejections avoided were used as the health outcome.

A Comprehensive Review of the Effect of Honey on Human Health.

Honey is a nutritious, healthy, and natural food, to which antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties have been attributed, mainly due to its content of phenolic compounds. The aim of this review is to analyze the available evidence of the effect of honey on humans. Forty-eight clinical trials published between 1985 and 2022 were analyzed, with a total of 3655 subjects.

Sustainable-psycho-nutritional intervention programme for a sustainable diet (the 'NutriSOS' study) and its effects on eating behaviour, diet quality, nutritional status, physical activity, metabolic biomarkers, gut microbiota and water and carbon footprints in Mexican population: study protocol of an mHealth randomised controlled trial.

Mexico is going through an environmental and nutritional crisis related to unsustainable dietary behaviours. Sustainable diets could solve both problems together. This study protocol aims to develop a three-stage, 15-week mHealth randomised controlled trial of a sustainable-psycho-nutritional intervention programme to promote Mexican population adherence to a sustainable diet and to evaluate its effects on health and environmental outcomes.

Added Sugar Consumption in Spanish Children (7-12 y) and Nutrient Density of Foods Contributing to Such Consumption: An Observational Study.

Background: Diets rich in free sugars are associated with an increased risk of obesity. The aim of the present study is to estimate the intake of added sugars in the population of Spanish children and analyze the quality of the foods that contribute to this intake.

Methods: An observational study was conducted to collect self-reported information on weekly food consumption in 1775 Spanish children (7-12 years).

Physiological Benefits and Performance of Sea Water Ingestion for Athletes in Endurance Events: A Systematic Review.

In different endurance events, athletes have limited access to fluid intake, such as ultra-endurance running. For this reason, it is necessary to establish an adequate hydration strategy for this type of long-duration sporting event. Indeed, it seems that the intake of seawater is a suitable hydration alternative to improve post-exercise recovery in this type of endurance event.

Does Hypoxia and Stress Erythropoiesis Compromise Cardiac Function in Healthy Adults? A Randomized Trial.

Objectives: To investigate whether recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) injections during an altitude training camp impact heart function.

Methods: Thirty (12 women) moderately trained subjects stayed at 2320 m altitude for 4 weeks while training. Subjects were randomized to placebo (isotonic saline) or rHuEPO (20 IU/kg body weight) i.

Mitochondrial adaptations to calorie restriction and bariatric surgery in human skeletal muscle: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Objective: We performed a meta-analysis to determine the changes induced by calorie restriction (CR) and bariatric surgery on human skeletal muscle mitochondria.

Methods: A systematic search of Medline and Web of Science was conducted. Controlled trials exploring CR (≥14 days) and mitochondrial function and/or content assessment were included.

Multi‑faceted roles of cathepsins in ischemia reperfusion injury (Review).

Cathepsins are one of the most abundant proteases within the lysosomes with diverse physiological effects ranging from immune responses, cell death and intracellular protein degradation. Cathepsins are involved in extracellular and systemic functions such as systemic inflammation and extracellular matrix degradation. Ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury is responsible for numerous diseases including myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury, stroke and acute graft failure after transplant surgery.

Moderate hypoxic exposure for 4 weeks reduces body fat percentage and increases fat-free mass in trained individuals: a randomized crossover study.

Purpose: We evaluated whether or not changes in body composition following moderate hypoxic exposure for 4 weeks were different compared to sea level exposure.

Methods: In a randomized crossover design, nine trained participants were exposed to 2320 m of altitude or sea level for 4 weeks, separated by > 3 months. Body fat percentage (BF%), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) were determined before and after each condition by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and weekly by a bioelectrical impedance scanner to determine changes with a high resolution.

OCT4 interprets and enhances nucleosome flexibility.

Pioneer transcription factors are proteins that induce cellular identity transitions by binding to inaccessible regions of DNA in nuclear chromatin. They contribute to chromatin opening and recruit other factors to regulatory DNA elements. The structural features and dynamics modulating their interaction with nucleosomes are still unresolved.

Seawater Hydration Modulates IL-6 and Apelin Production during Triathlon Events: A Crossover Randomized Study.

A triathlon is an endurance event in which athletes need an efficient hydration strategy since hydration is restricted at different stages. However, it seems that seawater intake can be a suitable hydration alternative for this type of endurance event. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of seawater hydration during a triathlon on cytokine production.

Food made us human: Recent genetic variability and its relevance to the current distribution of macronutrients.

Numerous dietary strategies are currently used for the prevention of metabolic diseases and for weight loss. Some of the strategies that are used do not have an appropriate physiological-nutritional basis and do not take into account the genetic changes that have occurred recently. Thus, in certain cases, they can be harmful to human health.

Multiscale modelling of chromatin organisation: Resolving nucleosomes at near-atomistic resolution inside genes.

The three-dimensional organisation of the genome modulates biological processes and is, in turn, transformed by the activity in the nucleus. Not surprisingly, understanding how the genome operates requires uncovering the fundamental biophysical and molecular mechanisms that establish and regulate its organisation. Genome organisation starts with the formation of chromatin: a polymer of nucleoprotein complexes, termed nucleosomes, that carry variable chemical signatures according to their biological context.