Breast cancer risk assessment based on susceptibility genes and polygenic risk score in Vietnamese women.

Background: Breast screening recommendation based on individual risk assessment is emerging as an alternative approach to improve compliance and efficiency to detect breast cancer (BC) early. In Vietnam, prior knowledge to stratify risk based on genetic factors is currently lacking.

Methods: This study recruited 892 BC patients and 735 healthy Vietnamese women from 2016 to 2021.

In Vitro Inhibitory Effect of Berberine Against Rotavirus.

Although berberine (BBR) is well known as an active constituent in traditional medicines used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, its potential against viral gastroenteritis has not been specifically reported. This study aims to investigate the antiviral activity of BBR against rotavirus and evaluate its cytotoxicity and pharmacological efficacies, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro. Using ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, the saturation concentration of BBR was determined as 2261 μg/mL, indicating that BBR is a poor water-soluble compound.

Drug release system based on a composite polycaprolactone nanofiber membrane with dual functionality of shape memory effect and antibacterial ability.

In this study, a multifunctional composite membrane based on polycaprolactone nanofibers having controlled drug release, shape memory effect, and antibacterial ability was successfully prepared by the electrospinning technique. The addition of graphene oxide (GO), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and berberine (BBR) strongly affected the morphology, crystalline degree, melting temperature, and shape memory performance of the composite membrane, thanks to the physical crosslinking network formed by the hydrogen bonding or van der Waals interactions between the components. As a result, the recovery ratio of the composite membrane reached a higher value (76.

Free-Form Optical Fiber with a Square Mode and Top-Hat Intensity Distribution.

The development of bend-induced effectively single-mode fiber with a square cross-section and flat top-hat intensity distribution is reported using core topology nanostructuring dedicated to femtosecond laser ablation systems. The fiber's core comprises 5419 silica and germanium-doped silica nanorods with a diameter of 430 nm each arranged into a hexagonal lattice. The distribution of the rods is calculated using in-house developed code based on the Monte Carlo algorithm to obtain a target shape of mode and intensity distribution.

A theoretical screening of phytochemical constituents from as inhibitors against acetylcholinesterase.

Alzheimer's disease is one of the causes associated with the early stages of dementia. Nowadays, the main treatment available is to inhibit the actions of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme, which has been identified as responsible for the disease. In this study, computational methods were used to examine the structure and therapeutic ability of chemical compounds extracted from natural products against AChE.

Biosynthesis of Apigenin Glucosides in Engineered .

Glucosylation is a well-known approach to improve the solubility, pharmacological, and biological properties of flavonoids, making flavonoid glucosides a target for large-scale biosynthesis. However, the low yield of products coupled with the requirement of expensive UDP-sugars limits the application of enzymatic systems for large-scale. is a Gram-positive and generally regarded as safe (GRAS) bacteria frequently employed for the large-scale production of amino acids and bio-fuels.

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency.

Hydrophobic berberine powder (BBR) and hydrophilic BBR nanoparticles (BBR NPs) were loaded into an electrospun polylactic acid (PLA) nanofiber scaffold for modulating the release behavior of BBR in an aqueous medium. The BBR release from the BBR/PLA and BBR NPs/PLA nanofiber scaffolds was investigated in relation to their chemical characteristics, BBR dispersion into nanofibers, and wettability. The BBR release profiles strongly influenced the antibacterial efficiency of the scaffolds over time.

The diagnostic performance of AFP and PIVKA-II models for non-B non-C hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective: This study aims to describe the diagnostic performance of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha-fetoprotein L3 isoform (AFP-L3), protein induced by vitamin K absence II (PIVKA-II), and combined biomarkers for non-B non-C hepatocellular carcinoma (NBNC-HCC).

Results: A total of 681 newly-diagnosed primary liver disease subjects (385 non-HCC, 296 HCC) who tested negativity for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV) enrolled in this study. At the cut-off point of 3.

The role of chitosan in enhancing the solubility and antibacterial activity of emodin against drug-resistant bacteria.

Similar to most anthraquinone compounds, the pharmacological properties of emodin are limited because of its low water solubility. In this study, the formulation of chitosan and emodin (EMD/CS) was prepared by a bottom-up method with precipitation and sonication steps in order to enhance the solubility of emodin. Thanks to the interactions of oxygen-and nitrogen-containing groups in chitosan with emodin molecules, the solubility of emodin in the formulation was remarkably increased to 0.

Glucosylation of Isoeugenol and Monoterpenes in by YdhE from .

has been regarded as a food-grade microorganism. In recent years, the research to improve the activities of beneficial therapeutics and pharmaceutical substances has resulted in the engineering of the therapeutically favorable cell factory system of In this study, we successfully glucosylated isoeugenol and other monoterpene derivatives in using a promiscuous YdhE, which is a glycosyltransferase from . For efficient glucosylation, cultivation conditions such as the production time, substrate concentration, carbon source, and culture medium were optimized.

Complexes of Ag and ZnO nanoparticles with BBR for enhancement of gastrointestinal antibacterial activity through the impacts of size and composition.

This study introduces the bioformulations of Ag/BBR and ZnO/BBR complexes against pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. Without the use of toxic reduction agents, Ag and ZnO NPs were prepared using an electrochemical method and then facially mixed with BBR solution to form Ag/BBR and ZnO/BBR complexes. BBR molecules are strongly conjugated with Ag and ZnO NPs through coordinated bonding and electrostatic interaction.

Impact of targeted diabetic retinopathy training for graders in Vietnam and the implications for future diabetic retinopathy screening programmes: a diagnostic test accuracy study.

Objectives: To compare the accuracy of trained level 1 diabetic retinopathy (DR) graders (nurses, endocrinologists and one general practitioner), level 2 graders (midlevel ophthalmologists) and level 3 graders (senior ophthalmologists) in Vietnam against a reference standard from the UK and assess the impact of supplementary targeted grader training.

Design: Diagnostic test accuracy study.

Setting: Secondary care hospitals in Southern Vietnam.

Biosynthetic pathway of peucemycin and identification of its derivative from Streptomyces peucetius.

Streptomyces peucetius ATCC 27952 is a well-known producer of important anticancer compounds, daunorubicin and doxorubicin. In this study, we successfully identified a new macrolide, 25-hydroxy peucemycin, that exhibited an antibacterial effect on some pathogens. Based on the structure of a newly identified compound and through the inactivation of a polyketide synthase gene, we successfully identified its biosynthetic gene cluster which was considered to be the cryptic biosynthetic gene cluster.

Plastic waste in sandy beaches and surface water in Thanh Hoa, Vietnam: abundance, characterization, and sources.

The occurrence and characterization of marine debris on beaches bring opportunities to track back the anthropogenic activities around shorelines as well as aid in waste management and control. In this study, the three largest beaches in Thanh Hoa (Vietnam) were examined for plastic waste, including macroplastics (≥ 5 mm) on sandy beaches and microplastics (MPs) (< 5 mm) in surface water. Among 3803 items collected on the beaches, plastic waste accounted for more than 98%.

Emission and distribution profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in solid residues of municipal and industrial waste incinerators, Northern Vietnam.

The concentrations and profiles of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in particulate matter (PM), fly ash (FA), and bottom ash (BA) were examined in three incineration residues. Samples were collected from different municipal and industrial solid waste incinerators in Northern Vietnam. The average concentrations of total PAHs in PM, fly ash, and bottom ash were 9.

Transmission of an optical vortex beam in antiresonant fibers generated in an all-fiber system.

We report an experimental study on transmission of orbital angular momentum mode in antiresonant fibers generated with a dedicated all-fiber optical vortex phase mask. The vortex generator can convert Gaussian beam into vortex beams with topological charge l = 1. Generated vortex beam is directly butt-coupled into the antiresonant fiber and propagates over distance of 150 cm.

Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation.

This study describes the preparation of berberine (BBR) in nanoformulation to enhance its solubility and increase its antibacterial effectiveness against hospital-acquired infections. BBR nanoparticles (BBR NPs) were formed by antisolvent precipitation (ASP) using glycerol as a safe organic solvent. UV-vis absorption spectra demonstrated that the solubility of BBR NPs was greatly enhanced compared to that of pure BBR.

Ophthalmologists' and patients' perspectives on treatments for diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy in Vietnam: a descriptive qualitative study.

Introduction: Globally, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in working-aged adults. Early detection and treatment of DR is essential for preventing sight loss. Services must be available, accessible and acceptable to patients if we are to ensure they seek such care.

Predicting Anxiety and Depression Among Patients With COVID-19 in Concentrated Isolation at Medical Camps in Vietnam: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: This study aims to assess the requirement for anxiety and depression treatment for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in medical camps in Bac Giang province, Vietnam. This information can help improve the government policy to reduce anxiety and depression in patients with COVID-19.

Methods: A total of patients with 427 COVID-19 participated in the survey conducted from 5 to 15 June 2021 in Bac Giang province.

-Glucosylation in with YdhE from .

is traditionally known as a food-grade microorganism due to its high ability to produce amino acids and its endotoxin-free recombinant protein expression factory. In recent years, studies to improve the activities of useful therapeutics and pharmaceutical compounds have led to the engineering of the therapeutically advantageous cell factory system. One of the well-studied ways to improve the activities of useful compounds is glucosylation with glycosyltransferases.

Insights Into the Genetics of the Zhonghua 11 Resistance to and Its Molecular Determinism in Rice.

is a widely spread nematode pest of rice that reduces crop yield up to 20% on average in Asia, with devastating consequences for local and global rice production. Due to the ban on many chemical nematicides and the recent changes in water management practices in rice agriculture, an even greater impact of can be expected in the future, stressing the demand for the development of new sustainable nematode management solutions. Recently, a source of resistance to was identified in the japonica rice variety Zhonghua 11 (Zh11).

Development of gradient index microlenses for the broadband infrared range.

The development of gradient index free-form micro-optic components dedicated to the mid-infrared range is challenging due to the lack of appropriate technology. We propose a method for developing gradient index components for broadband infrared range beyond the transmission window of silicate glass based on nanostructurization using a stack-and-draw fiber drawing technique. A proof-of-concept microlens is developed and verified experimentally in the wavelength range 1.

Diagnostic and prognostic value of miR-200 family in breast cancer: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer for women all over the world. Great interests have been paid to discover accurate and noninvasive methods for breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Although the diagnostic and prognostic value of microRNA-200 (miRNA- 200, miR-200) family has been revealed in many studies, the results were inconsistent.

Silica-based photonic crystal fiber infiltrated with 1,2-dibromoethane for supercontinuum generation.

This study proposes a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) made of fused silica glass with the core infiltrated with 1,2-dibromoethane () as a new source of supercontinuum light pulses. Due to the modifications of the PCF's structure geometry, a number of computer simulations investigating their optimized structures has been carried out. This aimed at achieving flat near-zero dispersion and zero dispersion wavelength matching of the pump wavelength for efficient spectral broadening.