A Socioecological Perspective of How Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour at Home Changed during the First Lockdown of COVID-19 Restrictions: The HomeSPACE Project.

The COVID-19 pandemic forced school closures, resulting in home schooling, more time spent at home and fewer opportunities for physical activity (PA). This study explored factors influencing PA and sedentary behaviours (SB) within the home environment during the first lockdown, starting in March 2020. Twenty semi-structured interviews (20 parents and 23 children, 12 years ± 1.

Cannabis use and subjective response to alcohol in the human laboratory.

Background: Cannabis is often used in combination with alcohol; yet, whether cannabis use impacts risk factors for alcohol use disorder (AUD) remains unknown. Subjective response (SR) to alcohol represents a biobehavioral risk factor for subsequent heavy drinking and for developing AUD. Given the high prevalence of alcohol and cannabis co-use, it is plausible to hypothesize that cannabis users differ in SR to alcohol compared to non-cannabis users.

Increasing the Efficacy of Treatment for Socially Anxious Youth Through Theoretically Derived Improvements: A Pilot Study.

Cognitive behavioural therapy is the first line of treatment for social anxiety disorder; however, children with social anxiety disorder do not respond as well to generic cognitive behavioural therapy programs, compared to children with other anxiety disorders. The aim of the study was to provide a preliminary examination of the efficacy and applicability of a new disorder specific intervention for children with social anxiety disorder. Five children aged 7-13 years, with a primary or secondary DSM-5 diagnosis of social anxiety disorder were provided with an adapted version of the Cool Kids anxiety program.

Pharmaceutical policies: effects of regulating drug insurance schemes.

Background: Drug insurance schemes are systems that provide access to medicines on a prepaid basis and could potentially improve access to essential medicines and reduce out-of-pocket payments for vulnerable populations.

Objectives: To assess the effects on drug use, drug expenditure, healthcare utilisation and healthcare outcomes of alternative policies for regulating drug insurance schemes.

Search Methods: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, nine other databases, and two trials registers between November 2014 and September 2020, including a citation search for included studies on 15 September 2021 using Web of Science.

Complement-Mediated Neutralisation Identified in Ebola Virus Disease Survivor Plasma: Implications for Protection and Pathogenesis.

The 2013-2016 Ebola virus (EBOV) epidemic in West Africa was unprecedented in case numbers and fatalities, and sporadic outbreaks continue to arise. Antibodies to the EBOV glycoprotein (GP) are strongly associated with survival and their use in immunotherapy is often initially based on their performance in neutralisation assays. Other immune effector functions also contribute to EBOV protection but are more complex to measure.

Pathogen exposure leads to a transcriptional downregulation of core cellular functions that may dampen the immune response in a macroalga.

Diseases in marine eukaryotic organisms caused by opportunistic pathogens represent a serious threat to our oceans with potential downstream consequences for ecosystem functioning. Disease outbreaks affecting macroalgae are of particular concern due to their critical role as habitat-forming organisms. However, there is limited understanding of the molecular strategies used by macroalgae to respond to opportunistic pathogens.

An Evidence-Based Theory of Psychological Adjustment to Long-Term Physical Health Conditions: Applications in Clinical Practice.

Objective: Around 30% of people with long-term physical health conditions (LTCs) experience comorbid anxiety and depression. For many, comorbid distress is linked to difficulties adjusting to the challenges of the LTC. The aims of this article are to present a transdiagnostic theoretical model of adjustment to LTCs (TMA-LTC), demonstrate the application of this model in clinical practice, and highlight the distinguishing features of treating LTC-related distress compared with treating primary anxiety and/or depression.

Mental health symptoms in children and adolescents during COVID-19 in Australia.

Objective: COVID-19 has led to disruptions to the lives of Australian families through social distancing, school closures, a temporary move to home-based online learning, and effective lockdown. Understanding the effects on child and adolescent mental health is important to inform policies to support communities as they continue to face the pandemic and future crises. This paper sought to report on mental health symptoms in Australian children and adolescents during the initial stages of the pandemic (May to November 2020) and to examine their association with child/family characteristics and exposure to the broad COVID-19 environment.

CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION IN 12-YEAR-OLD GIRL WITH METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE MUTATION: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.

Purpose: This case report describes a central retinal vein occlusion in a healthy 12-year-old girl who developed retinal neovascularization at 24 years of age. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the longest time between a reported pediatric central retinal vein occlusion event and neovascularization.

Methods: The patient underwent a full history, physical examination, and laboratory workup to determine potential risk factors contributing to the vascular event.

The efficacy of interventions for behaviourally inhibited preschool-aged children: A meta-analysis.

The current systematic review and meta-analyses examined the efficacy of psychological interventions targeting behavioural inhibition and anxiety in preschool-aged children, evaluated within randomised controlled trials. Web of Science, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL were systematically searched from inception to March 2021. Ten studies (N = 1475 children, aged 3 - 7 years) were included in the current review.

Novel Innovation in Flow Diversion: Surface Modifications.

Flow diversion is a mainstay of modern endovascular aneurysm treatment. Several surface-modified flow diverters have been introduced with a goal to reduce rates of in-stent thrombosis and the need for dual antiplatelet therapy. Preliminary follow-up data suggest that these now commercially available devices are noninferior with respect to rates of angiographic occlusion.

MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF BILATERAL IDIOPATHIC MULTIFOCAL RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL DETACHMENTS IN YOUNG PATIENTS.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe two cases of multiple epithelial detachments (pigment epithelial detachments [PEDs]) occurring in otherwise young, healthy patients.

Methods: The medical and imaging records of two cases were reviewed retrospectively.

Results: Multiple serous nonvascularized PEDs were present in two young, healthy patients who underwent multimodal imaging.

Effects of onabotulinumtoxin A in patients concurrently diagnosed with chronic migraine encephalalgia and temporomandibular disorders: A retrospective case series.

Objective: Chronic migraine encephalalgia (CME) with concomitant temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a serious illness with limited effective treatment options. This study explores the effectiveness of onabotulinumtoxinA (BtxA) as an adjunct therapeutic to TMJ arthroscopy in the relief of CME.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients receiving TMJ arthroscopy, with or without BtxA injections for CME, was conducted.

Relationship Between Stages of Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis, Timing of Restoration of Fecal Continuity, and Pouchitis.

Background: The most common complication following ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is pouchitis.

Aims: We aimed to investigate whether a shorter period between pouch creation and restoration of fecal flow through an IPAA was associated with an increased risk of development of pouchitis within the first 2 years after IPAA.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study evaluating patients undergoing colectomy with IPAA for UC between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2016.

Inspiratory muscle training enhances recovery post-COVID-19: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Many people recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience prolonged symptoms, particularly breathlessness. We urgently need to identify safe and effective COVID-19 rehabilitative strategies. The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential rehabilitative role of inspiratory muscle training (IMT).

Review of Anticoagulation in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy.

Continuous renal replacement therapy is an important, yet challenging, treatment of critically ill patients with kidney dysfunction. Clotting within the dialysis filter or circuit leads to time off therapy and impaired delivery of prescribed treatment. Anticoagulation can be used to prevent this complication; however, doing so introduces risk for unintended complications such as bleeding or metabolic derangements in patients who are already critically ill.

Evaluation of Low Temperature and Salinity as a Treatment of Atlantic Salmon against Amoebic Gill Disease.

Amoebic gill disease (AGD) is a significant health issue for Atlantic salmon farmed in a marine environment. While the disease is currently managed using freshwater or hydrogen peroxide baths, there is a need to develop other treatments. The aims of this study were to examine the effect of salinity (0 ppt and 35 ppt) and temperature (3 °C and 15 °C) on attachment and survival of in vitro over short exposure times (15 min and 2 h) and to assess the efficacy of reduced temperature (3 °C) as treatment for Atlantic salmon affected by AGD.

Spatial distribution and biogeochemistry of redox active species in arctic sedimentary porewaters and seeps.

Redox active species in Arctic lacustrine sediments play an important, regulatory role in the carbon cycle, yet there is little information on their spatial distribution, abundance, and oxidation states. Here, we use voltammetric microelectrodes to quantify the concentrations of redox-active species at high vertical resolution (mm to cm) in the benthic porewaters of an oligotrophic Arctic lake (Toolik Lake, AK, USA). Mn(II), Fe(II), O, and Fe(III)-organic complexes were detected as the major redox-active species in these porewaters, indicating both Fe(II) oxidation and reductive dissolution of Fe(III) and Mn(IV) minerals.

A 12-month longitudinal study examining the shared and unique contributions of self-compassion and psychological inflexibility to distress and quality of life in people with Type 2 Diabetes.

Objectives: Self-compassion and psychological flexibility appear to benefit wellbeing and quality of life (QoL) in the general population and in people with long-term conditions like Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). However, both variables share similarities and their unique roles in relation to distress and QoL in people with diabetes over time are not clear.

Design: This was a longitudinal study with online assessments of self-compassion, psychological inflexibility, distress (depression, anxiety, diabetes-distress), and QoL at baseline (T1) and six (T2) and 12 months (T3).

Efficacy of D-cycloserine augmented brief intensive cognitive-behavioural therapy for paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomised clinical trial.

Objective: To examine the efficacy of weight-adjusted D-cycloserine (DCS) (35 or 70 mg) relative to placebo augmentation of intensive exposure therapy for youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in a double-blind, randomised controlled trial, and examine whether antidepressant medication or patient age moderated outcomes.

Methods: Youth (n = 100, 7-17 years) with OCD were randomised in a 1:1 ratio to either DCS + exposure (n = 49) or placebo + exposure (n = 51). Assessments occurred posttreatment, 1 month later, and at 3 and 6 months.

Transmural Inflammation, Ileitis, and Granulomas at the Time of Proctocolectomy in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis Do Not Predict Future Development of Pouchitis.

Background: The most common complication following ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is pouchitis. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between histopathologic findings of ileitis, granuloma, or transmural inflammation on the colectomy specimen of patients with clinically and endoscopically diagnosed UC and the development of pouchitis within the first 2 years after IPAA.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study evaluating patients undergoing colectomy with IPAA for UC between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2016.

The reconstruction of invasion histories with genomic data in light of differing levels of anthropogenic transport.

Unravelling the history of range shifts is key for understanding past, current and future species distributions. Anthropogenic transport of species alters natural dispersal patterns and directly affects population connectivity. Studies have suggested that high levels of anthropogenic transport homogenize patterns of genetic differentiation and blur colonization pathways.

Identifying the outcomes important to men with hypogonadism: A qualitative evidence synthesis.

Objective: Men with male hypogonadism (MH) experience sexual dysfunction, which improves with testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). However, randomised controlled trials provide little consensus on functional and behavioural symptoms in hypogonadal men; these are often better captured by qualitative information from individual patient experience.

Methods: We systematically searched major electronic databases to identify qualitative data from men with hypogonadism, with or without TRT.